Catherine Carrasco is a Junior double majoring in Natural & Applied Sciences & Psychology at Florida International University. She is an executive board member of the Alpha Epsilon Delta and Psi Chi honor societies. During her free time she enjoys practicing yoga, skating and participating in volunteer work.
Catherine Carrasco is a Junior studying Behavioral Neuroscience at Florida International University through the Honors College. She is an Executive Board member of the Alpha Epsilon Delta Honor Society and regularly volunteers with non-profit organizations. During her free time, she enjoys performing and training in the traditional art of Mongolian contortion.
Fisher Island is a 216-acre private island in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Miami Beach. No roads lead to and from the exclusive man-made island. Travel to the island is done by ferry or yacht. Access to the island is limited to residents, and guests require an invitation. The neighborhood consists of the Fisher Island Club Hotel, private beach, condominiums, golf course, 17 tennis courts, four pickleball courts, two marinas, an aviary, observatory, and theatre. In addition, residents have access to a day school, fire station, bank, post office, island market, health center, dry cleaners, and a wellness center.
In 1905, the United States government authorized the opening of Government Cut, a channel now standing between South Beach and Fisher Island. The process involved cutting a 900-foot piece through the tip of the peninsula. The dredging resulted in a more accessible voyage into the Port of Miami and created what is now known as Fisher Island.
In 1918, Dana Albert Dorsey, one of South Florida’s first African American millionaires, purchased the then 21-acre island. The self-made businessman purchased the land during segregation and planned to develop a resort tailored to the black community. However, according to an interview with the Executive Director of the Black Archives History and Reach Foundation of South Florida, Dana’s plans came to a halt as he received backlash from the surrounding community. A newspaper article headlined “Negro Buys 1/3 of the Keys To Erect A Colored Resort.” Unable to make the dream a reality, Dana sold the land to Alton Beach Realty in 1919.
Carl Fisher, a developer whose interests ranged in highways and automobiles, owned Alton Beach Realty. After his initial plan to turn the island into a seaport for cruise ships failed, he sold part of the island to William K. Vanderbilt II. In 1927, Fisher traded 7 acres of the island and $1 in exchange for William’s 265-ft yacht “The Eagle.” Shortly after, the Vanderbilt’s hired Maurice Fatio, a famous architect, who oversaw the construction of the family’s Mediterranean-style winter home, surrounding guest suites, tennis courts, aviary, and pools. The designer finalized the $1.5 million project in 1936.
After Vanderbilt died in 1945, Garfield Wood bought the estate. Garfield, the inventor of the hydraulic lift, lived on the island for around 25 years, continuing his life’s work on ships and electric cars. Wood also extended the mansion and added what is now known as Garwood Lounge. Ownership of the island changed throughout the years and even served as a quarantine station for the City of Miami. Eventually, it was left vacant for over 15 years. The development of the resort community began after establishing the Fisher Island Club in 1987. In 2007, an island-wide restoration project started which included the Vanderbilt mansion, guesthouse cottages, golf course, tennis courts, spa, fitness center, and marinas. The Equity Club completed the $60 million restorations in 2013, and the community currently has about 800 residencies.
Data collected by the United States Census Bureau in 2020 determined the total population of Fisher Island to be 561. Further exploring the population into single races, counts demonstrated 440 were White, 19 Asian, 7 Black or African American, 4 American Indian and Alaska Native, 0 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 16 identified as other. Significant majorities within the population include 79.0% were married, 68.5% of households were married-couple families, 78.9% spoke English only, and 59.5% worked at a private company.
Additional Data demonstrated:
• 50.1% of the population were female and 49.9% male.
• The largest ancestry group is Irish at 16.7%, followed by 13.1% German, 8.4% French, 8.4% Italian, 7% Polish, and 0% Scottish, English, Sub-Saharan African, and Norwegian.
• The mean income for households to be 423,490, with 48% averaging over $200,000.
• A median age of 71.1.
• 81.5% had earned a bachelor’s degree or higher.
• 0.0% without healthcare coverage.
According to the Fisher Island Club, the marketplace for residencies ranges from $2 million – $40 million, making it one of the wealthiest zip codes in the United States.
Initially named Alva Base after William K. Vanderbilt’s mother, the estate is a Miami-Dade County historical landmark. The 2-story home features a Mediterranean Revival exterior, bronze-framed windows, antique European paneling, and marble fireplaces. Some of the later additions not done by the original architect include the ballroom, kitchen, and lounge. The mansion is located at the center of The Fisher Island Club & Resort and follows strict regulations. For example, the 2nd-floor study is open only to equity members, and access to the next landmark, the Garwood Lounge & Piano Bar, is also limited. Garfield Wood added the structure in 1946, and it is now an elegant 5-star steakhouse.
The historic cottages honor the surrounding the mansion honor the 1930’s-era and were the original guesthouses designed for the Vanderbilt family. Each boasts European kitchenettes, French patterns, a marble interior, and a private courtyard. The 2,000 sq ft., 3-bedroom, 3-bathroom home built for the Vanderbilt’s daughter is known as Rosemary’s Cottage. Additionally, the North and South Cottage once served as quarters for the servants.
The neighborhood participates in the Clean the World initiative, which recycles soap and donates it to needy communities. As part of their effort to eliminate plastics, utensils at restaurants have been replaced with plant-based alternatives or made from biodegradable sources. The community’s sensors and lighting have also been upgraded to help with energy conservation, but eco-friendly practices are limited.
The Fisher Island Transportation Department manages the 24-hour ferry system available to and from the private community. The ferry services depart every 10 minutes and can accommodate passenger vehicles. A security clearance is required to gain access to the island.
Golf carts are the preferred method of island transportation, further encouraging the slow, relaxed lifestyle. Strictly enforced within the community is the 19mph speed limit.
The Snooker Club is an elegant restaurant with a relaxed setting found on the 2nd floor of the Vanderbilt mansion. Only equity members are allowed access and can enjoy live music and entertainment.
La Trattoria is an Italian restaurant offering indoor or outdoor seating with views of the main marina. It provides a casual atmosphere and serves pasta, salads, and pizza.
Beach club is an outdoor venue overlooking Biscayne Bay, offering only breakfast and lunch. The casual setting provides sushi, cocktails, and themed evenings like Full moon parties and Spanish nights.
Spa Internazionale is a luxurious, Mediterranean-style full-service spa. It is made up of a wellness center, salon, and spa. They offer hair, nail, and wax services as well as skin treatments and massages. Clients also have access to a jacuzzi and lap pool. However, the spa is only open to hotel guests or equity members. Fitness experts help clientele reach the best in physiological performance and offer classes in barre, yoga, Pilates, cycling, water workouts, salsa, ballroom dancing, tango, and more.
The Fisher Island Day School is an independent education facility accessible to students from age two up to middle school. Their state-of-the-art classrooms specialize in STEM education, and classes do not exceed a maximum of 14 students. Weekly art and music classes complement their rigorous curriculum.
The Links is a 9-hole golf course found at the club. Membership includes group or individual instruction by PGA experts with advanced training techniques like the Flight Scope X3 Launch Monitoring System. Here members can also find a restaurant and golf shop.
Overall, the neighborhood is one of Miami’s most elegant and exclusive communities. It’s tailored only to the wealthy and advertised as a way to live a relaxed, pampered, and private life. Clearance to get on the island is extensive, making it one of the safer neighborhoods to live in. There is an extreme attention to detail in service, aesthetics, and safety. However, there seem to be aspects of the island that are not ideal for a community. Since there is only one school on Fisher Island, not all students seem to have a fair opportunity to receive education and are waitlisted for quite some time. High school students must also leave the island or learn at home as there isn’t any education offered for those grade levels.
Another troublesome feature is the limited healthcare on the island, as there is only one medical facility. The University of Miami Health System runs the unique concierge medical service. However, there are not many specialists besides a Nurse Practitioner and Internal Medicine Physician. The community does offer its residents the best in technology, nutrition, and physical fitness. Experts at the golf club and wellness center are available in each field, providing clients with the opportunity to live in peak health conditions.
There are also no genuine acknowledgments of the original history, including Dana Dorsey. Yet, glorified throughout the island is 1936 as the year when it all began. The community is also not without legal troubles, as former residents have filed lawsuits because of the excessive regulations within the community.
“Government Cut Centennial Commemoration.” Miami Dade County. 30 Aug 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20060213195135/http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/centennial.asp
“Fisher Island CDP Florida” United States Census Bureau. 2020, https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1222375
“Historic Vanderbilt mansion gets new life on Miami’s Fisher Island.” Viglucci, Andres. Orlando Sentinel. 16 May 2013, https://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/os-xpm-2013-05-16-os-travel-miami-mansion-20130516-story.html
Catherine Carrasco is a Junior studying Behavioral Neuroscience at Florida International University through the Honors College. She is an Executive Board member of the Alpha Epsilon Delta Honor Society and regularly volunteers with non-profit organizations. During her free time, she enjoys performing and training in the traditional art of Mongolian contortion.
The Refugee Assistance Alliance is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping refugees transition into their new lives in the United States. Typically, RAA focuses on the underserved Asian, Middle Eastern, and African communities in South Florida. Since there isn’t a large population of those backgrounds in the area, the adjustment can be more complex than refugees within larger communities. RAA serves as a bridge for refugees by providing valuable resources, education, and community-building. I’ve been a volunteer for them since November 2019.
While volunteering at the Refugee Assistance Alliance, I’ve gained incredible insight into refugees’ struggles when fleeing unsafe environments. Many seek asylum outside of their home country because they cannot freely express their religious, racial, or political viewpoints—staying means facing possible persecution. Some are victims of war and others of natural disasters. These circumstances can leave refugees in dangerous situations or displaced. Beginning their lives in a foreign location is not easy, as resettlement usually involves being immersed in an unknown culture. Service work with RAA sheds light on the refugee journey and their integration into the larger community.
I first learned about RAA through another organization involved in community service, Hands-on Miami. Since middle school, I’ve volunteered with them and found their description of RAA intriguing. Previously, I didn’t know much about refugees’ journey toward seeking asylum or resettlement. An online post on their website asked for volunteers willing to be English tutors, which led me to reach out to the Director of Operations, Jamie Everett. Jamie has helped me with each role I’ve held throughout my time at RAA. Recently, there have been fewer in-person events due to COVID-19 restrictions, but we have still hosted meetings while following CDC guidelines.
This year I joined the Welcome & Gifts Committee, tutored a Syrian family, designed invitations, and photographed events. Due to privacy reasons, I will not be using their names, but the family I worked alongside consisted of a mother, daughter, and son. Sometimes, I also assist with situations outside of regular schoolwork. These situations may seem easily resolvable, but I consider them an integral part of the resettlement process. For example, the children’s parents felt uncomfortable with them returning to classes in person, with cases of COVID-19 still occurring. However, home education required electronics, and their access was limited. Not understanding their options, they worried communication would be a barrier between school administrators. Therefore, I acted as an intermediary to register the children for home learning. I also helped acquire laptops for them as students enrolled in the online public school system had the option of borrowing these electronics.
Once classes began, the daughter and I met several times a week to discuss homework and upcoming quizzes. As her teachers provided progress reports, we would identify areas where she struggled and integrate new study strategies.
On Fridays, I met with her mother for our English tutoring sessions using a program provided by RAA. We worked on things like phonetics and grammar. The youngest son already had a tutor, but when they were unavailable, I filled in. Sessions with him were often sporadic and brief.
During back-to-school season, I volunteered to help put together a list of resources for the families with children in school. Alongside two other volunteers, we looked into school supply giveaways before classes started. Students enrolled with RAA reside all across South Florida, so we did extensive research in Miami Dade and Broward County. In addition to school supplies, some events provided free services such as haircuts and health checkups. We organized the list by dates and locations, then created a flyer so each family could easily access the information.
There were two main events I helped organize this year; World Refugee Day & RAA’s Annual Holiday Party. One of my primary responsibilities was designing the invitations sent to the families, volunteers, and donors. Composing the invitations is my favorite task at RAA, as it allows me to be creative. However, I also need to remain aware of potential issues when I create them. Since differences in language can act as a barrier, complex language is kept to a minimum. Adding small details such as maps can also be helpful for those not familiar with the area.
For World Refugee Day 2021, RAA celebrated at Tree Tops Park. Days before the party, I met with the store manager at Trader Joe’s and arranged to pick up donations for the event. On the day of the party, I delivered the items, helped set up some decorations, and met new families who had recently joined the organization.
Aside from designing the invitation to RAA’s Annual Holiday party this year, I was also the event photographer and performed duties associated with my new role in the Welcome & Gifts Committee. It is a tradition of the non-profit to gift the refugee families with holiday baskets at the party. So the committee met to customize the baskets for each individual in every family. Donors provided all the items and each basket varied. For example, families with teenagers contained items like headphones and hoodies, while the ones made for younger children had board games and stationery items. We also personalized gift cards from Target and wrapped them to keep ready for the day of the event. The entire process demanded attention to detail and a lot of teamwork. On the day of the event, I delivered 15 baskets and helped set up decorations at the Coral Gables Congregational Church. I also set up my photography equipment, photo props, and a backdrop where guests could have their photographs taken by me.
Working alongside the families and learning of their experiences motivates me to continue volunteering my time at the Refugee Assistance Alliance. The organization dedicates extensive efforts to cultivating a supportive refugee community in South Florida which I find commendable. Additionally, many of the leaders are women I’d describe as pillars of the community. I’m grateful to learn from a group of people who deeply value education, integrity, and advocacy.
In February 2020, the non-profit hosted a movie screening of the documentary This is Home: A Refugee Story. There I learned how refugees must travel dangerously to escape oppression and the limited resources available to them once they are in a safer environment. A few months later, my World Regional Geography class required a semester project for which I chose the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. My project featured how natural disasters displaced individuals and described how neighboring countries rejected them. Since my volunteer work at RAA began, I’ve learned so much about the violation of human rights and what seeking refuge entails, which is why I’ll continue devoting time to this type of service work.
“Advocacy.” The UN Refugee Agency. 25 Nov. 2021,
https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/advocacy.html
Stahl, Leslie. “ The IRC & Sesame Workshop. 17 Nov. 2019,
This is Home: A Refugee Story. Directed by Alexander Shiva, Gidalya Pictures, 2018.
Catherine Carrasco is a Junior studying Natural & Applied Sciences & Psychology at Florida International University. She is an executive board member of the Alpha Epsilon Delta & Psi Chi honor societies and an English tutor for the Refugee Assistance Alliance. During her free time, she enjoys practicing yoga and rollerskating.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Downtown Miami, 1 September 2021
As someone born and raised in Miami, my perception of the city’s origins only recognized historical moments through textbooks and not experience. Our walking lecture of Downtown Miami led to a deeper understanding of how the city’s melting pot of cultures came to be. The Wagner Homestead located at Lummus Park is a physical representation of the rich history created here. William Wagner was a Mexican War veteran who relocated from Georgia with his family and built the Wagner house. The Wagners lived contrary to many of the societal expectations of those times. As a mixed-race couple, they were known for befriending Native Americans during a time of war. I was able to sit on their front porch and imagine what social gatherings must have looked like for them.
One of the best moments of this trip was coming across a piece of the Berlin Wall at Miami Dade College. Here, we took a moment to discuss some of the effects of totalitarianism and the difference experienced in democracy. Many brave people risk their lives fleeing their hometowns searching for better work opportunities, education, and safety. Members of restricting government systems often face persecution for their religion or sexuality. Years ago, I researched the destruction of the Berlin wall and came across videos of people embracing each other with chunks of the wall missing. At the time, I was too young to comprehend what this moment meant for Berlin, but as an adult, I’m thankful for the piece of the Berlin Wall available at MDC.
by Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Overtown Miami, 15 September 2021
In 2019, I worked on a mural with a non-profit organization to install a mural of Martin Luther King Jr. at Miami Springs Junior High School. Alongside the mural is a quote from a paper by the late Dr. King that reads, “The function of education is to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education.”
At the moment, it was an honor for me to participate in the project, and I felt the same admiration while walking into spaces in Overtown. There is so much of the city’s history that I’ve understood through textbooks but being in historic places continues to be a surreal experience for me. Walking into the Greater Bethel Church, we learned these were the same aisles and altars where civil leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gathered to unify their communities. While learning about the history, we had the opportunity to listen to the stories of many community members. A significant recurring theme for many individuals was the change of life the addition of the interstate brought. Standing in certain spaces it’s clear to see the same systematic oppression at play in Overtown still occurring to this day.
Previously, I had no idea Miami had its own Little Broadway centered in Overtown. After the tour, I was happy to learn of the culture and history near The Historic Lyric theatre, but it was also heartbreaking to hear that this was the only area many performers were allowed to stay. During the tour, someone asked how emphasizing the way race played a role in history solves anything or unifies us as a community. It is difficult to comprehend how something as superficial as skin color has led to so much destruction. However, neglecting that it has been a significant factor in Overtown’s history de-emphasizes the courage and strength demonstrated by leaders in the community. Neglecting what led to segregation only offers the opportunity for it to occur again and doesn’t acknowledge the amount of courage and strength demonstrated during a period when it was needed most. The process reminded me of the rest of the paper by Dr. King, where he emphasizes the importance of thinking scientifically and weighing out what is the truth from untruth.
by Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Vizcaya Museum & Gardens, 20 October 2021
My first experience at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens was unforgettable. Entering the different rooms, I caught glimpses of what the process of constructing this beautiful estate must have entailed. There is a gorgeous arch on Entrance Road leading up to the main house and the first thing we learn about James Deering is he often took pieces of concepts he liked and made them his own. Vizcaya’s landscape must have been even more difficult of a place to upkeep in 1912. Surrounded by mangroves, a moat, and manicured gardens make it appear perfect from the outside looking in.
The Museum truly embodies some of the characteristics that make Miami so attractive to visitors. Miami is known to be one of hedonism and vices, and as we walked into the main house, the first statue served as a reminder of that perspective. Dionysus was known as the God of wine and pleasure. Here we find he greets visitors at the door. He was also known to be a self-centered God and similarly, James Deering appears to have been a man with unlimited resources whose need to showcase his extravagant taste led to the construction of this incredible place. We see this theme repeating itself throughout the art and architecture of the tour. “J’ai dit” loosely translated as “I have said” is engraved on the stained glass leading upstairs.
I found the Neoclassical room to be the most aesthetically pleasing, but the drastic differences were almost comical. Each room jumps from French to Asian themes and borrows content from various cultures, but as a whole, there is no real structure. However, this doesn’t take away from Vizcaya’s charm as its beautiful designs made it a place I hope to visit and learn more of in the future. I’m grateful to learn about its history in this way as I’m given insight into two different worlds. As awe-inspiring as it is, it’s difficult to imagine the type of labor that must have been demanded of blacks in the earlier twentieth century and the differences experienced within social classes.
by Catherine Carrasco of FIU at South Beach, 04 November 2021
Out of all our walking lectures, it was in the South Beach walking tour that I learned the most about history and segregation. Walking down the streets of Ocean Drive, it’s clear to see why this destination is a popular tourist attraction with its captivating structures and colorful artwork. Some of the facts about the art and location were unknown to me. Art deco, for example, takes influence from the past as well as futuristic features from machines. Another fact I wasn’t aware of is the history of the beach itself, once filled with mangroves and the way sand is brought into the city to sustain what we now know as South Beach. This specific location is easily accessible on public transportation making it an ideal place to visit. One significant takeaway for me from our class has been learning to navigate public transportation. I often skate, bike, or drive in my car to arrive at most of my destinations. Yet, I’ve lived in Miami my entire life and hadn’t had the opportunity to learn about the public transportation routes. These days I feel more equipped to take buses or the MetroMover on my own because of our experiences in class.
I’ve learned plenty about the segregation and discrimination the Bohemian people faced in Miami during the 1900s. However, I was not aware of the discrimination the Jewish people dealt with as well. A small group of classmates & I arrived a bit early at the Jewish Museum and our wonderful tour guide began sharing some incredible stories about Carl Fischer. Fisher not only had a vision for South Beach but he later attempted to recreate a similar getaway up North. However, he failed at this venture. It’s safe to assume this might have been due to the differing climates in both locations.
As a religious person, I found the art at the Jewish museum to be exceptionally beautiful. Anything with a religious undertone is interesting to me, but the most intriguing of the Jewish communities is its use of symbolism in their art. A quality like this is not portrayed as often in Christianity.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Rubell Museum on 24 November 2021
The Rubell Museum is the first private collection I’ve visited, and as an avid art enthusiast, it’s my favorite museum in Miami so far. So often, I’ve heard of contemporary art but never fully understood it or had an artist explain its meaning to me. Immersive exhibits such as the infinity rooms are some of the most interesting, and the Rubell Museum offers that in more ways than one.
Yayoi Kusama’s exhibits offer visitors insight into oneself as you can see yourself reflected in many forms. As the story of Narcissus goes, he was so in love with his reflection that it also turned into his greatest downfall. Even though some of the exhibit names imply a similar trajectory, such as Narcissus Garden, I find art like this refreshing as our most significant reference point to experience the world is oneself. The way we interpret situations, life, and art all derive from this particular point.
Overall, I find the best part of contemporary art to be its ability to resonate deeply with the viewer. So much of our current and cultural issues are addressed throughout the museum, as seen through artwork by Robert Colescott and Casja Von Zeipel. For example, in Colescott’s Adam and Eve, we can see a person of darker complexion looking at a man and woman in love, almost as if it’s something they cannot experience themselves. It reminded me of the secret gardens at Vizcaya where secret lovers met to hide their affection.
Zeipel’s work depicted influencers in deformed ways, which I interpreted as some of the present-day issues with identity brought on by social media. It isn’t easy to discern what is accurate online, and the room filled with her art represents that. A perfect example of that is the work by Barbara Kruger. Supreme, the brand, has been using the red text box with white letters, typical of her art, and capitalizing on it for many years. The brand itself is advertised as a luxury brand but unfortunately does not pay homage to the artist in any way. The concept of consumerism is represented in much of the original artists’ work, and it’s a shame to see it used in this way.
The experience of the Rubell Museum gave me a deeper insight into contemporary art. I enjoyed the way Keith Haring’s room tackled issues of sexuality in a unique way that I previously had not noticed in his more mainstream work.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at UNTITLED ART on 01 December 2021.
Initially, our class met Chris at the Site Lab on the beach, where he was using a letterpress machine to create designs right on the sand. Professor Bailly suggested we were impressed by the technique because the process had become obsolete. Advancements in technology have made it easy to rely on screens, but creating with your own hands will never be overrated. Chris mentioned having to let go of expectations throughout the creative process, which is excellent artistic advice.
The first booth we visited belonged to the Emerson Dorsch Gallery. Here we met Brook Dorsch, who shared his featured artist’s works represented their native home somehow. I asked about the work by Felecia, and Brook explained they were origami figures created on slightly reflective paper and covered in graphite. Inspired by the lava in Hawaii, Felecia took the pieces to a studio, shined blue light on them, and finally photographed them. The orange underneath appears painted but are shadows created by the light and reflective paper.
One of the benefits of an art fair such as UNTITLED is the exposure to all the international artists. We met Victoria of Gallery 1957, who shared with us artwork by an artist named Serge from Ghana. The photo I took of Serge’s work (top right) is made on a corkboard and covered in duct tape. From farther away, it isn’t easy to see the duct tape. It’s something I might not have noticed if Victoria had not mentioned it. She also shared 1957 is the year Ghana gained its independence and how the gallery got its name which I found remarkable. She also described some of the hassle associated with importing art and how certain materials are not allowed into the United States. Wood, for example, cannot be imported from Africa.
My favorite booth featured Nigerian artists who touched base on current societal issues relevant to their culture. For example, I found the artist who focused on drag intriguing because the work implies a murderer received the same treatment as those who dress up. I enjoy when artists act as advocates through their art.
UNTITLED was an incredible opportunity to learn about artwork, how its curated, and some of the challenges that often arise organizing an art fair.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at the Deering Estate, 02 February 2022
Our first walking lecture brought our class to the Deering Estate, which I had previously explored with Professor Bailly as part of his Miami in Miami class. However, the focus was on a cleanup effort on Chicken Key, a mangrove island found on the estate. Today’s lecture allowed us to explore the other areas and ecosystems found at the site. Our tour began at the Stone House, where we explored Charles Deering’s hidden wine cellar. It was illegal to purchase and transport alcohol during the Prohibition Era, but families like the Deerings could bypass those regulations due to their resources. The reality of situations like this one is that money plays a role in what is genuinely considered illegal.
My teachers made no references to the Tequesta tribe or even mentioned the existence of the Tequesta peoples throughout grade school. Yet, recognizing their practices and way of life is essential, especially to a native such as myself. It’s one of the reasons I preferred learning about the tribe and exploring the areas they once lived in while on the site. We explored the Cutler Creek Bridge and Tequesta Midden, where we observed one of the unique features found here; the intersection of freshwater and saltwater. We also came across shells and tools, which Bailly explained was common to see here. It’s easy to tell whether one of the shells found belonged to the Tequesta tribe. They used to drill holes in them to allow greater access to the inside and diversified their uses. However, the Spaniards were not privy to the practice and often smashed the shell instead.
Visiting the Tequesta Burial Site was a special moment for me because I learned the Miami Circle used to be a burial mound during a tour of Downtown last semester. There was no recognition of the community that used to live there and instead was being used as a sort of dog park. I was deeply disturbed to see that and know that most natives probably have no fundamental knowledge of what happened to the people whose loved ones were laid to rest there. It’s bothered me since, and I’ve taken the opportunity to speak to others about it, just to spread awareness of its history. At the Deering Estate, however, there is a Tequesta Burial mound with the remains of several tribe members. We walked on the boardwalk, and I was relieved to learn of the efforts taken to preserve its history. Another part of history I’ve been fascinated by is the architectural influences of other cultures like the Moors. These influences are found on structures throughout the Deering Estate, which I expect we’ll find much more of in Spain.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Coral Gables 13 February 2022
In the 1920s, George Merrick had the vision to develop what is now known as the city of Coral Gables. The Mediterranean Revival architecture of Coral Gables has fascinated me for years, and diving deep into the architectural style provided a new perspective on the city’s history. The style is characteristic of arches, iron-wrought accents, spiral columns, and courtyards. An important aspect is the Mudejar style art present in some regions of Coral Gables, as seen in the Biltmore’s ceilings. Aside from the art styles, George Merrick was an idealist who was relentless and strategic in creating this neighborhood. One of the first structures built here was the Coral Gables Congregational Church in honor of Merrick’s father, a Congregational Minister. During the 1920s, a church and school were seen as essential parts of the community. The elementary school (now Coral Gables Prepatory Academy), church, and Biltmore are all on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Merrick hired Phineas Paist, one of the architects who made his dream a reality. Paist previously worked with Paul Chafin designing what is now known as Vizcaya’s Museum & Gardens. Both the Biltmore Hotel & Alhambra Towers contain the Giralda bell tower replicas located in Seville, Spain. Much of the architecture takes inspiration from Moorish culture due to the region’s history.
“History of Andalusia.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/place/Andalusia-region-Spain/History.
“History of the Building.” MOAD, https://moadmdc.org/freedom-tower/history-of-the-freedom-tower.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Vizcaya Museum & Gardens 18 February 2022
In 1910, James Deering purchased 130 acres of land, where he began his construction of the Vizcaya Museum & Garden. Originally the estate was meant to be experienced from the Courtyard, and much of the artwork found within the home details Deering’s early vision for Miami. His designs challenged many of the subjects we still tackle today, from architecture to art. A repeating theme found at Vizcaya is cultural appropriation. At the garden entrances, triumphal arches lead the way inside. Traditionally, Romans built these arches to represent military victory. However, James had no association with the military, yet he had the resources to construct whatever he pleased, regardless of tradition. Near the arches are Islamic-inspired fountains which are traditionally a place of contemplation for those within the culture.
Interior design styles vary from Rococo to Neoclassical to Baroque inside the estate. Dionysus greets visitors at the back entrance and putti decorate the walls representing temptation in the music room. The construction of the Museum and gardens occurred during a period in which Miami was nothing like it is today. Details and symbols found throughout the home express how Deering predicted Miami would transform into the beautiful getaway it is known as today. Without a doubt, beauty fills the estate in every corner. However, questions regarding our society arise while visiting, such as racial equality and ethical practices. Is it wrong for Deering to decorate his creation without connection to the original cultures that invented these traditions? Today we see much of the Mediterranean-style beauty found at Vizcaya serving as a source of inspiration for the surrounding neighborhoods. Paul Chalfin, the estate’s original architect, later contributed to the design of Coral Gables, now known as the City Beautiful. Not much in these areas acknowledges the Bohemian workers who built the city during a time of intense racial inequality and segregation. However, the Museum’s efforts to educate the community of its rich history are admirable, making it one of Miami’s most peculiar places to visit.
“Stories of Vizcaya.” Vizcaya, Vizcaya Museum & Gardens, https://vizcaya.org/stories-of-vizcaya/.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at Everglades National Park 22 February 2022
Some historical artifacts exist as a reminder of what could have been. For example, many items found at the Nike Missile Site point to a period in U.S. history that could’ve been catastrophic but ultimately turned out to be a blessing in disguise. The Nike Hercules Missile is one of these incredible artifacts found at the Everglades National Park. The antiaircraft rocket is the second surface-to-air missile of the Nike series created to protect the nation from aerial attacks. As tension between political leaders continued to rise, our government strategically placed military bases in areas of most benefit. In 1961, the Kennedy administration orchestrated an invasion of Cuba to overthrow former Cuban leader, Fidel Castro. The CIA sent approximately 1,500 Cuban exiles to invade the island, but Castro’s military defense defeated them. In response to the attack, Cuba partnered with Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, setting up Russian missiles in October 1962. President John F. Kennedy did not take the threat lightly and spent the following days determining the best course of action. The moment in time is known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, as a different decision could have led to nuclear war. The political leaders ultimately reached an agreement, and Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles if the United States decided not to invade Cuba. The Soviet Union also considered the existence of American missiles in Turkey as a threat and requested they be removed. The resolution evaded what could have been one of the most devastating incidents in history. Being close to an artifact as the Hercules missile (also known as HM69) is an incredibly humbling experience. It’s a reminder of how different our world would be today if we chose the path of destruction.
“Bay of Pigs Invasion.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 27 Oct. 2009, https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/bay-of-pigs-invasion.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at the Wynwood Arts District, 20 March 2022
The Marguiles Collection at the Warehouse is a nonprofit organization located in Wynwood and belongs to contemporary art collector Martin Z. Margulies. The exhibitions found at the Warehouse are breathtaking. However, learning about the founder himself was most profound for me.
The Warehouse first opened in 1999, hosting a benefit for a local museum; since then, the exhibitions have expanded and opened to the public. Florida students are granted entrance free of charge as part of the founder’s mission to make education in contemporary art accessible to the community. In addition to guiding tours whenever he’s in town, Martin Marguiles donates or gifts many collection pieces to museums or academic institutions. Establishments such as The Studio Museum in Harlem, The Met, Florida International University, and the University of Miami have all been recipients of the loans. For example, “Argosy” by Alexander Liberman was donated to FIU until President Rosenberg returned the sculpture in 2015.
Martin’s dedication extends past the world of art and education as he is also the founder of the Lotus House located in Overtown. His devotion to the community has made the shelter the largest in the country, serving women and youth. Besides providing a temporary home for these families, the foundation offers health services, enrichment programs, education, and job training to prepare them further to acclimate to their local communities in the healthiest ways possible. In 2015, the nonprofit organization raised over six figures during Art Basel and donated all proceeds to the Lotus House. While researching his life further, I thought his philanthropic work and thoughtfulness towards our communities to be the most admirable.
“Donations to Educational Institutions.” Margulies Collection, https://www.margulieswarehouse.com/about.
Boucher, Brian. “Amid Miami Excess-Margulies Collection Aims to Help the Needy.” Lotus House, Sundari Foundation Inc, Dba Lotus House, 1 Dec. 2015, https://lotushouse.org/amid-miami-excess-margulies-collection-aims-to-help-the-needy/. Accessed 20 Mar. 2022.
“The One and Only Martin Z. Marguiles.” Marguiles Warehouse, The Canvas Monthly, n.d., https://www.margulieswarehouse.com/attachment/en/5e14ec99a5aa2c4d308b4567/News/581bbd0ae6aa2cf511eea25d. Accessed 20 Mar. 2022.
Piccardo, Rebeca. “Argosy sculpture to be returned after renovations” The Beacon , Fiusm.com, 12 Jan. 2015, http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/14/04/10/00/00481/FI14040481.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar. 2022.
By Catherine Carrasco of FIU at The Barnacle Historic State Park & Evangelist Street, 23 March 2022
Upon researching Miami, I’ve found many families described as the original homesteaders with last names, such as Munroe, Peacock, and Brickell. However, the Grove initially was inhabited by Bahamian settlers whose history isn’t frequently recognized. Unfortunately, the lack of historical preservation due to racial and wealth disparity is a sad reality still relevant today. Therefore, while my reflection began as a study on The Barnacle Historic State Park, I find it essential to mention that the area was home to other communities long before some of the families now documented as pioneers moved to the site. Undoubtedly, Bahamians and tribes such as the Tequesta and Seminoles played a crucial role in Miami and what it is today.
In the 1800s, the area of Coconut Grove was home to the Kebo community, mostly made up of Blacks who had migrated from the Bahamas. The Bahamian neighborhood established churches, education for children, and even set up a cemetery. At the time, the cemetery was one of the only places blacks were allowed to bury their deceased friends and families, the Charlotte Jane Cemetery. The cemetery named after E.W.F. Stirrups’ wife is on Charles Avenue, where a burial style from the Caribbean is practiced, with tombs above ground.
In 1886, Ralph Middleton Munroe purchased 40 acres on Biscayne Bay after a chance encounter with William Brickell in his home state, New York. Ralph was a sailboat designer, photographer, and naturalist. The land, now known as The Barnacle Historic State Park, cost $400, and one of the designers’ sailboats. As Henry Flagler moved to expand his railroad down South, Ralph was one of the few community members who fought to preserve the area as it was. Although the family opposed the impending change, the surrounding locations quickly transformed. Ultimately, to avoid the destruction of the land, the family sold it to the State of Florida. Due to its preserved nature, a walk through the park grants glimpses into the early days of Biscayne Bay, expressing a serene atmosphere.
Here, guests find one of the oldest homes in Miami still in its initial location. The home built in 1891 was once a one-story bungalow whose roof resembled a barnacle hence the park’s name. After his first wife died tragically of tuberculosis, Ralph married Jessie Wirth. The collage above shows Jessie with their two children, Patty and Wirth. As the Munroe family grew, the designer expanded the home by placing the first floor on stilts and adding a new first floor, making it a distinctive structure in South Florida. Yet, nearby the Barnacle is Evangelist Street or Charles Avenue, where the home which belonged to Mariah Brown, a Bahamian settler, still stands. The mother of 3 purchased it for $50 in 1890 from Joseph Frow. It is awe-inspiring to learn a woman of color was capable of achieving what Mariah Brown did during a time of racial segregation. However, no tour guides are found here, no one seems to keep up the land, and the home itself appears to be falling apart, unlike those of the wealthier “pioneers” credited with the creation of Miami.
Historic and Environmental Preservation Board. “Evangelist Street/Charles Avenue.” Historic Preservation Miami, The City of Miami, http://historicpreservationmiami.com/pdfs/Evangelist%20Street%20-Charles%20Avenue.pdf.
Historic Association of Southern Florida. “Update: The Barnacle.” History Miami Museum, History Miami, http://www.historymiami.org/wp-content/uploads/documents/update-v4-n5.pdf.
Dade Heritage Trust. III. HISTORICAL CONTEXT DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT GROVE (1880s –1920s). Dude Heritage Trust, https://dadeheritagetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/KIEHNEL_FINAL_ll.pdf.
Miami in Miami 