Vox Student Blog

Tivoli as Text

Progress or Regression?

Studying the Romans we’ve noticed in many ways how our society reflects those of Ancient Rome. Before the end of Ancient Rome in 476 C.E. it was normal, or rather expected, for emperors and men in general to have several sexual relationships outside of their marriage with females and/or males. These relationships were allowed as long as their partner belonged to a lower social class to avoid conflict with their wives. In this case, monogamy was not part of their culture. Is this behavior replicated in the US? In the 1800s it was not uncommon for a white slave owner to have sexual relationships with female slaves. These interactions occurred frequently and their wives, those aware of the relationship, would feel less threatened knowing her husband’s partner was a slave. Though monogamy was part of their culture, men took after the Romans in this aspect of relationships. Similar to Ancient Rome, Early America pardoned men for having sexual partners outside of marriage. However, the biggest difference was the partner’s gender: male and/or female. In Rome, homosexuality was as common as heterosexuality. Roman Emperor Hadrian was married to a woman and was also involved in a relationship with Antinous, a man. Hadrian was very open about his relationship with Antinous and since he belonged to a lower class, Hadrian’s wife was not threatened by their relationship. Therefore, Hadrian showered Antinous with gifts and allowed him to accompany him on his travels. The Romans were accepting of sexual fluidity and did not look down upon people’s sexual proclivities. On the contrary, during Early America homosexuality was frowned upon and it was difficult for people to express their sexual fluidity. It wasn’t until the 21st century that Americans have become more accepting of homosexuals, creating new norms and shortening the division between homosexuals and heterosexuals.

As we continue to explore the Romans, it is evident that we have adopted certain behaviors but lack their willingness to accept humans and their desires. Americans lack this ability but with time, it is beginning to change with the legalization of gay marriage, and the steady increase of human rights to all.

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Karina Luis is a junior at Florida International University’s Honors College majoring in Psychology and Sociology. She is interested in a variety of things including art, music, and travel but her main goal in life is to help people. She hopes to become an ABA therapist where she can help children. Karina will be graduating in 2022, and is currently enrolled in the Honors College Italy Study Abroad course, and below are her as text posts.

Vizcaya as Text

“Vizcaya or Europe in Miami?” by Karina Luis of FIU at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

Vizcaya Museum and Gardens is a perfect example of how important European influences have been on the formation of certain staples that we have adopted to be our very own. Vizcaya itself was originally created to be the home of the very wealthy James Deering, where he could be as extravagant as possible, exemplifying these European influences in a westernized context. This was the first time that I have ever been to Vizcaya, which is surprising being that I am a Miami Native. However, I do have to say that I was truly impressed. There are so many details everywhere that I did not know where to look first. One thing is for sure, James Deering and Paul Chalfin did not hesitate in spending as much money as they could in making this James Deering’s very own Europe in Miami. From the stained glass windows and the beautiful paintings to the various sculptures and lush gardens, Vizcaya displays various ornamental and lavish styles adopted from European periods such as the Renaissance and Baroque era, while also displaying Mediterranean influences.

Even though it does seem like someone airlifted a chunk of Europe and dropped it right into Coconut Grove, Vizcaya does really fit into Miami, especially through its style. Miami is anything but boring, we are known for being as “extra” as we can be. In the very entrance of the mansion, there is even a statue and fountain paying homage to the Roman God Bacchus/ Greek God Dionysus who is the god of agriculture and wine. To me, it seems like John Deering and Paul Chalfin knew exactly what they were doing when they were decorating Vizcaya and they both decided to do as much as they could just to show how wealthy John Deering was.  I do not necessarily think that he had a profound love for the arts, one of my reasons being that there is a religious painting, above the organ in one of the rooms, that was cut in half. I, being the lover of art that I am, felt my heart sink at the very instant of hearing that. He also has many things for show, such as the bookcase in his office that does not have the thickness to even hold any real books and a painting of children when he had none.

That being said, I do think that Vizcaya and its Gardens is a work of art, and highly innovative for its time. The creators did not stop until they got Vizcaya to be everything they wanted and more. If they could not have the marble, they painted it, if they thought that a sculpture, such as the mermaid on the barge, was not perfect, they asked for it to be redone. Even though I may not agree with all of the choices that were made in the decoration and the construction of Vizcaya, I do have high respect for every single person who participated in making it what it is today, allowing all Miamians to have our very own taste of Europe in our backyard, and I also believe that it should be appreciated for the masterpiece that it truly is.

MOAD as Text

“A New World, a New Life” by Karina Luis of FIU at The Museum of Art and Design

The Museum of Art and Design at Miami Dade College is located inside Miami’s well-known landmark, the Freedom Tower. Being of Cuban heritage, the Freedom Tower is something very well known to me. My grandparents all passed through there when they first arrived in the United States from Cuba. Though they all arrived at different times, they all share a part in the grand story of the Cuban exile. I had never been to the Freedom Tower prior to this visit which was interesting because of how important a role that it has played in my life. This landmark has been known to be the Ellis Island for Cubans, and I walked into this building with the knowledge and the weight of everything that my family has ever gone through to give me the life that I have today.

The Freedom Tower was the processing and reception center for Cuban exiles from 1962 to 1974. During this time, operation Peter Pan was occurring where thousands of unaccompanied Cuban children came to the United States to start their new lives. As seen in the photo above, are the faces of some of those children, and this really did impact me the most and stand out to me the most on my visit to the Museum of Art and Design. This entire museum displays the various obstacles and turmoil that all forms of immigrants had to go through, but it makes it so much more real to see the faces so many people that went through the exact same thing that my family went through. I cannot even imagine how difficult it would be to leave everything that you know behind, including your family and the people that you love in order to start a life away from all of the damage that the Castro Regime has caused. Seeing a Cuban flag proudly displayed outside of the building itself just reminded me that my ancestors walked the very steps that I was about to walk inside of the building, and that is all I could think about as I walked through the halls of the tower. This tower is a symbol of my life, and the name says it itself, the freedom that I have been gifted by the people who have walked through those halls before me. 

History Miami as Text

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“South Florida through a New Lens” by Karina Luis of FIU at HistoryMiami Museum

The HistoryMiami Museum, as one can tell by its name, is a museum located in the heart of downtown Miami, which depicts the history of our city not shying away from the truth of it. At times, history is depicted in a way that sees things through rose-colored lenses, where one party is depicted as being almost heroic in a sense, having done things the right way all along. However, this museum makes it a point to display all aspects of Miami’s history in order to fully understand the past as we move into the city’s future. This museum was founded in 1940 by the Historical Association of Southern Florida and since the year 1979, after it was accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, it has been associated with the Smithsonian Institution. One of the main exhibits is the “Tropical Dreams: A People’s History of South Florida,” which describes, in chronological order, the history of South Florida from the Pre-Columbian era to now. It includes artistic depictions of early settlements, as well as archeological evidence of tools, and replicas.

The archeological evidence found includes that from the Tequesta’s. Specifically, one of the parts of the exhibits that I found most interesting was that of the “Miami Circle.” This was a circle of holes found in bedrock, which dated up to 2,000 years ago and archeologists believe that this was built by the Tequesta for either ceremonial or political purposes. I have always found historic sites like this very interesting, so I loved learning that one of these existed near our very own Miami River. Learning about the Tequesta was very interesting because of how even though they inhabited South Florida for centuries, by the time the Spanish and Seminoles arrived they were no longer in South Florida. Another part of the museum that I enjoyed learning about was the portion that had the 1920’s trolleys. This was very interesting to see how the museum had a real trolley that used to be used here in Miami. Even though I have not personally been to this museum, I think that this museum is not only an important aspect of Miami, but also important in understanding South Florida’s history in order to have developed a sense of understanding and appreciation for how we got to where we are now. 

Deering Estate as Text

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“Nature and Nurture of the Deering Estate” by Karina Luis of FIU at Deering Estate

The Deering Estate is a historical site and cultural asset that was once the home of Charles Deering. Originally, due to the efforts of archeologists, the land itself is seen to contain evidence of the Tequesta and Paleo-Indians. There has been evidence that there once was a Tequesta community living on the land of the Deering Estate, Hundred of tools have been found and even a burial mound. Here, there is seen to be a large 400-600-year-old Oak Tree that is over with around 12-18 Tequesta buried here. I find these burial rituals very interesting, especially how they are buried in a circular formation. There is also the Tequesta Midden, where you can find pieces of Tequesta tools in the ground, this is only accessible when accompanied by staff of the Deering Estate. The Tequesta were an important part of the history of South Florida, so it is interesting to see all of the different archeological evidence that they left behind even if they disappeared.

One of the important aspects to note about Deering Estate is how lush and green it is. The Deering Estate Nature Preserve contains abundant wildlife, trees, mangroves, etc. and there is also access to Biscayne Bay from multiple points. The People’s Dock is a free access point to Key Biscayne. Deering Point is another free access point with free boat launch and beautiful views. I did not even know that these points existed at all and will definitely be paying a visit to get the breeze of Key Biscayne and the serenity of the land. As for the greenery, tropical habitats can be seen containing dozens of plant and tree species mainly consisting of those found in the Caribbean islands. Interestingly, amongst the Mangroves, there is seen to be an airplane from a crash in the 1990s. I think the Deering estate, as well as with all of the history that it contains, is a great place to be in nature, and though I have never been, I feel as if I had and will be making planes to visit in the future. 

South Beach as Text

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“The Art of South Beach” by Karina Luis of FIU at South Beach

South Beach is somewhere, that I have always gone to in Miami throughout all of the years that I have lived here, however, I never have really learned about its history including its famous art deco style. I personally think that the art deco style is fascinating, and beautiful. It is very unique with its linear style resembling very sleek and machine-like designs. There are several factors that are incorporated into this design and are influenced by Mesoamerican and Mesopotamian design. One of the main elements is the Law of Three, this is incorporated into many other things in life with items looking more appealing in threes. This can be seen in this design with buildings being three stories tall, and divided into three facades. In terms of color the facades are usually painted white with pastel accents and highlights. These delicate colors reflect the environment that the buildings are in. 

Neon lights also bring in another dimension of color and bring something to the nightlife of South Beach. The 1930’s neon adds to the fun atmosphere seen in south beach and goes well with the characteristic new building design. I think that the neon alongside the pastel colors is highly characteristic of this Miami Beach art deco style. Interestingly in this style, though very machinelike, circular and rounded aspects are incorporated. This can be seen with the curved edges and the porthole windows. South Beach, is one of my favorite areas to be in Miami, with its design on Ocean Drive especially, it brings a light and airy atmosphere to the beach, the blends in perfectly to the water and the nightlife that can be seen there.

Tivoli as Text

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Water is Power

As my time exploring Italy continues, it is incredible to see the pride Italians have for their country. The importance of water seems to be the common factor as we visit historical sites, engulfing ourselves in the history of one of the greatest civilizations to ever exist. I find myself admiring the intricacy of the attention to detail Ancient Romans had. Every brick laid, every arch that stood, every marble slab set in place, had a purpose. I will never cease to be amazed by the innovative ideas and engineering of the Romans as they aimed to reach perfection. Among the many great accomplishments the Romans attained during their survival, some of the more obvious ones are a fair/just system of government, outstanding artwork and engineering; but what we often seem to disregard is how important water was to Ancient Rome. Water symbolizes many things from fertility, to fear, and most importantly survival. I always knew water had been important to the Romans in the way that it was important to all civilizations as a result of the existence of structures such as aqueducts intended to transport water to all its people. What I had not considered, however was that water could have a deeper meaning as well.

Our first day of class while walking through Rome, I was pleasantly surprised to know that there were public fountains scattered all over the city in order to provide clean drinking water to all for free. Survival. What an amazing concept! I happily accepted this gift from the Italians and refilled my water bottle multiple times in the days that followed. When it was time to head over to Tivoli, that’s when my perception of water changed significantly. When the class reached the Villa d’Este in Tivoli, we were told not to look out any windows in order to preserve the experience and be surprised once we reached the outside part of the villa. I was speechless at the sight of the numerous fountains and small streams decorated with statues, redistributing the water. The loud roar of the fountains sounded like music to my ears as the mist gently left droplets on my skin. Tranquility. This villa was built as an homage to beauty, pleasure, and the beauty of pleasure; the symbolism of the spewing water representing the interaction of male/female pleasure, combined with the statues of men and women truly highlighted these themes.

Shortly after we continued our excursion as we headed to the Valley of Hell. Fear. At first the scenery seems tranquil and beautiful, begging the question of why this is synonymous to a hellish place. I quickly realized why many Romans feared this place as the steep paths of slippery rock and uneven ground decorate the site while leading to a magnificent waterfall. We learned that this began to be called the Valley of Hell due to the fact that so many had perished in said valley. Although people feared the water when it would flood surrounding infrastructure, it did not stop them from acknowledging the power of this valley. Power. We climbed and climbed (82 flights according to my health app) until finally we reached the entrance to Hell. This cavernous fear monger was petrifying to see. One wrong step and you could fall to your impending doom. But at the same time it was intriguing to explore as we all made our way to the inside of the cave to snap pictures while enjoying the roar of the water in the background.

Water is power. But it is also tranquility, beauty, survival, and fear. Water was extremely important to the Romans and this notion was magnified during our trip to Tivoli. Most importantly it is still important today in these ways and many more. This begs the question of comparison to the United States and how little we seem to value our water. Water is sometimes taken for granted because it always just seems to be available especially living in Miami, but when I think about those who don’t have access to clean water such as residents of Flint. Michigan I am saddened by the government’s disinterest in their well-being. The Romans may have done many controversial things but the government never failed to provide for and consider its people.

Roma as Text

Lupa

I am Lupa. Over centuries my story has been told and my image has been reproduced. Allow me to tell you what happened on that fateful day when I met the twins.

It was a day like any other; I was scavenging for food for my pack alongside my mate when we separated and I wandered down to the Tiber River to quench my thirst. I heard a sound and my muscles tensed as I thought a predator was lurking about. That’s when I saw the strangest thing – a floating basket. I had seen one of those where the two-legged ones would sometimes dispose of their garbage. I felt a pull in the pit of my stomach and curious to see what was inside, I quickly chased it down as the current continued to carry it. I clamped onto the handle with my teeth and placed it onto the river bank. Soft whimpers echoed in my ears so I quickly nudged the blanket with my nose to see what was inside. Two-legged ones. But very small ones. “They must be pups”, I thought. I turned to leave them in the basket but just as I was going to step back, they locked their eyes with mine and I could not bring myself to do it. I grabbed the basket and took it to the den nearby, where I had suckled my own pups, years before. Now they were fully grown and trying to be like their father, the alpha. It felt nice to care for pups once again as my last litter had already joined the pack.

Clamping onto the scruff of their necks, I removed the two legged pups and set them down on the cool dirt. They scrambled and fussed until I allowed them to suckle on my breasts, hoping this would calm them down. The whimpers seized and I continued to care for them as my own pups. I stayed in that den for what seemed to be hours when I realized I had separated from my pack. I ran out as the small ones slept, and found my mate, telling him what had happened. When we returned to the den with the rest of the pack I saw a two-legged one – Faustulus, I had heard others say – grab the pups. We hid in the bushes as the shepherd Faustulus grabbed them. He had kind eyes. Saddened to see them go, I never forgot about the twin pups. I would not see them again for many years…

The years passed, and I began to deteriorate with age. One day when I was resting near the Tiber River, always reminiscing on the day I found the two-legged pups when I heard rustling in the bushes. I turned around and found two tall and handsome, young two-legged ones facing me. Immediately I recognized their eyes. Those same eyes full of power and strength had stopped me dead in my tracks, years before. They ran to embrace me and said “Lupa, we are Remus and Romulus! We now know who we are and the great favor we owe you. Thank you for saving our lives and for caring for us as your own. We will spend the rest of our lives trying to repay this favor. Please allow us the honor of sharing our story so that everyone can see what you have done.” I smiled weakly and said “My pups, I know you will do many great things in your life and restore things as they must be. I would be honored to be part of your legacy.”

Although centuries have passed, and my physical body is no more, Remus and Romulus have made my memory immortal. My two-legged pups, Remus and Romulus*, the founders of Rome.

Pompeii as Text

A Letter From a Survivor

My beloved Aurelia,

 It has been five moons since I last saw you. Five moons ago I kissed you and our son goodbye before leaving to work. I was out at sea in Napoli when I saw a plume of smoke coming from the mountain. I was both fascinated at the sight and terrified as I had no idea if this darkness was an omen from the gods or perhaps a hiccup from the earth. My captain redirected us to the nearest island as the wind had begun to carry the smoke towards us, filling our lungs with darkness. It has been four moons since we’ve been on this island hiding away from the thick smoke. We have taken turns heading out to bring supplies to the rest of the crew but I feel numb. Seeing the liquid flames ooze into our city I can only hope that you and our son were able to escape. I tried to search for you when the masses of people began to pour in to the harbor fleeing Pompeii. I am hopeful that you both made it safe and I long for the day that we are able to be reunited. 

Yours truly, 

Quirinus 

When I first entered the city of Pompeii I did not know what to expect. I had spent much of my childhood watching documentaries and listening to my teachers talk about the volcanic eruption and how it was a city trapped in time. Little did I know that it would be an understatement to the reality of this city’s tragic past.

Pompeii was a city ahead of its time that granted women the right to own businesses, to earn money and have rights, much like the rest of Ancient Rome. It had its own amphitheater, luxurious villas, and approximately 140 restaurants, 50 bakeries, and 30 brothels. Pompeii was a social city, if nothing else. It wasn’t as grand as Rome, however the fascination with Pompeii lies in its preservation despite its total destruction. In 79 AD, around the time the Colosseum was finishing its construction, Mount Vesuvius erupted. No Pompeiian knew what this was or even that they lived near a volcano, for that matter, as it had never erupted in their lifetime.
I find it fascinating that we can pinpoint the exact date, down to the month and day, that this tragedy occurred due to Pliny the Younger’s recount of the volcanic eruption.

While walking through the skeletal remains of a great city I couldn’t help but to imagine what life must have been like over 2,000 years ago. Where would I have lived? Who would I have married? What would my occupation have been. As we’ve visited numerous cities and sites of ruins I find myself trying to imagine myself as one of its residents but I sometimes find it hard to connect. The fact that Pompeii was practically left frozen in time so that the way it is now is how it stood in 79 AD, is mind boggling to me but makes it easier to relate to the fragility of life. For this reason I chose to include a fictitious letter from what I can only assume would have been a reality for thousands of families who were separated from their loved ones. Despite being a city of approximately 20,000 people, of which 17,000 were believed to have fled at the first sign of danger, around 3,000 chose to stay. This statistic is hard to wrap my head around because logically one would assume that fight or flight instincts would kick into high gear and everyone would leave. Upon further reflection, however, it would be unfair to assume that those who stayed were dumb or ignorant. As we discussed in class, maybe the ones that remained were unable to leave. Perhaps they were old or ill, or even just unwilling to leave their belongings.

Human nature is a curious thing. Similar to what the Pompeiians may have been forced to do, whenever a hurricane or disaster strikes, an outsider may find it easy to say “just leave your things and run!” This is definitely much easier said than done as people (I’m guilty of this too) find themselves “waiting it out” or not wanting to leave their material objects behind. This becomes more complex when you take into account that the Ancient Romans in their ferocity and intensity also had a longing for the well-being of their loved ones. From elaborate statues commemorating lost ones, or even headstones remembering the lives of their spouses, I think it’s easy to say the Romans were passionate people in all versions of the word.

It begs the question, are we really any different from the people of the past? Or are we just reliving the same lives in a different time? As this class continues I find myself more and more certain that human nature in all its entirety can be flawed and delicate, but resilient and ingenious regardless of where it lies on the universe’s timeline.

Firenze as Text

Gone But Not Forgotten

As I walked through the streets of Florence, I couldn’t help but to get lost in the rich history. Knowing that so many great artists lived, breathed, and walked the same streets I did, so many years ago, was a chilling thought. Over and over again monuments and businesses were named after the greats of the Renaissance renowned for their intricate artistic styles, skills, and for producing some of the most incredible pieces like the David, the Birth of Venus, as well as architectural structures and designs. “How incredible,” I thought, these are people who are immensely proud of their heritage and of the impact some of the greatest artists to ever exist have contributed to the world. As incredible as it was to see people weeping over magnificent pieces such as the Pieta or the Last Judgment by Michelangelo, I couldn’t help but think about why I hadn’t seen any monuments or rave over any pieces made by women. I held this bitter sentiment until I was both overjoyed and saddened by a piece we saw in the Uffizi Gallery.

We stumbled upon a gut wrenching piece by Artemisia Gentileschi depicting what I learned was the Old Testament biblical story of Judith slaying Holofernes. The intensity of Judith’s gaze as well as the blood splatter that she is unfazed by emanates power. You can see the struggle of Holofernes as he fights for his life in a futile attempt while being pinned down by Judith and her handmaiden. Although I am not familiar with many more of Gentileschi’s art, it is easy to understand that some of her frustrations as a female artist who had gone unrecognized in her life while men with less talent were given incredible opportunities, is translated onto her work. While looking at this piece I learned that some of the proportions of her painting were inaccurate due to the fact that she was not allowed to sit and paint a male model, but her male counterparts had no such limitations.

It wasn’t until recently that Gentileschi’s artwork began to gain recognition particularly due to the feminist movement and women being more recognized in various professions. But is this enough? It makes me think about all the young women and “underprivileged” people who have been silenced and lost throughout time because they weren’t fortunate enough to essentially be sponsored by a Medici or to have society supporting their talent. This saddens me because it happens time and time again and can even be seen today in the United States with the wage gap that affects minorities and that are gender-biased.

Siena as Text

Wisdom

The Cathedral in Siena was by far my favorite church that we have visited so far. The gothic flamboyant façade was the first I had ever seen and it was truly magnificent. The gothic interior flooded with pagan imagery, black and white stripes, gold stars and incredibly intricate marble floors were more than enough to leave me speechless. Although I appreciate the baroque stylistic designs of other churches I have seen, this style was by far the most “me” which is why I found myself trying to absorb all the information around me. Sensory overload. No other words could better describe the experience of walking through the cathedral. I found myself trying to take in all the details and mesmerized by the complexity of the attention to detail in every square foot of marble located on the floor. The black and white stripes that engulfed the interior and exterior of the cathedral also helped make the cathedral seem larger than life almost to the point that I felt like I was being warped into another dimension.

Of all the marble panels covering the floor (and that were open to the public) the Allegory of the Hill of Wisdom was one of my favorite as it depicts Fortune (not pictured) guiding men onto a mountain in which they begin to dispose of their material objects until they reach the top where they are obtaining wisdom. I think this is particularly interesting because often times people lose sight of the important things in life as they become preoccupied with collecting objects with extrinsic value rather than intrinsic value. I personally struggle at times to separate the two at times and this trip is a perfect example. Having to carry the weight of my material objects on my shoulders has a physical toll on my body and focus at times which may be compromising my ability to obtain information that could feed my intellect. Perhaps the men climbing up the mountain have the right idea and made the best decision to leave behind their riches and physical objects. In addition to being a physical burden, sometimes it can become easy to be dependent on these objects and if something were to happen and those objects were no longer in your possession, then what would you have left? At the end of the day are designer brands and objects more fulfilling than wisdom or knowledge?

Cinque Terre as Text

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Change

Cinque Terre… what a spectacular place! Italian for Five Lands, Cinque Terre consists of the five main towns: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Rio Maggiore. Although each town may seem similar at a first glance, each one has unique characteristics. For example, although Cinque Terre as  a whole is famous for its pesto sauce, seafood, and lemons (!!) Vernazza is specifically known for its seafood, while Corniglia is known for its rich wine.

Despite the fact that these towns are fairly similar in demographic, I think it is spectacular that at the same time they share a common identity as residents of Cinque Terre. They are proud of their beaches, their food, and most importantly their history!

During our unfortunately short-lived time staying in Cinque Terre, I learned that the rigorous hike we ventured on, is actually part of the Cinque Terre National Park which is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is therefore protected. In addition to this, knowing that Cinque Terre’s residents stand in solidarity to prevent any large corporations from damaging the integrity of this conglomerate of mountain villages, is a heartwarming notion.

On our way to Cinque Terre we were told this was supposed to be a time to reflect and to think about our Grand Tour experience thus far. I don’t know what I thought that meant at the time, but I didn’t expect to actually be immersed in intense moments of reflection and tranquility until I actually began the hike. The hike was no walk in the park. It was challenging, it was painful, and it was spectacular in its raw beauty, the trails left untouched by man (except for the painted indications leading to the trails), allowed me to truly feel like I could have lived there hundreds of years before and as if it was part of my daily routine to walk those mountains.

There were moments when I thought my body would shut down and my legs would just give out but all it took was one look up to the mystifying horizon and glittering yellow wildflowers, and I felt instantly reinvigorated. I realized after the first few hours that this was all part of the reflection process. Everyone experienced this hike differently and was challenged in a unique way whether it was physical, mental, or even emotional; but I think I can speak for my classmates when I say we all changed as a result. This hike felt like the culmination of the grand tour experience and despite the fact that my body was begging me to stop at times, nothing compares to the feeling when I completed the entire hike and ended in Rio Maggiore.

I think this was a learning experience for all, but personally it gave me the chance to push myself to do things I never knew I was capable of. In the United States, I think we are accustomed to living a fast-paced way of life where everyone is on their own and people are generally closed off and just focused on the next task they need to complete. Although I do agree that this is necessary at times in order to increase productivity, this class and this stop at Cinque Terre has allowed me to understand a different perspective as well. One where neighbors are actually neighborly, where people care about their cities and protecting the environment, and one where it’s okay to stop every once in a while and truly admire your surrounding. I have lived in Miami my entire life and I don’t think I have ever felt a connection to my community the way I have seen people in Cinque Terre and other parts of Italy, have for theirs. This is saddening but a wake up call as well.

My generation is often preoccupied with the next trend and whatever gossip is being blasted on media outlets that it becomes easy to lose sight of the more important things in life like family, mental health, the environment, and ultimately our own well-being. I think we should all take a few lessons from Italians and change the way we think about our lives; rather than being just another number, we should value our lives and the lives of those around us. This means taking better care of our bodies and of our minds as well!

Venezia as Text

Spirit

Venezia stole my heart! In all the cities we’ve temporarily resided in or simply passed through in the past month, I’ve noticed how welcoming the people always are. Venice was slightly different however. Our welcome party (Hugues And Fleur) was so gracious as they took the time out of their day to personally direct us to our apartments. I don’t know if Miami has made me a cynic because even the smallest gestures that I’ve noticed in my time here in Italy, genuinely surprise me every time.

The first of many people, Giovanni our gondolier, was a bright sun among shining stars. Just by setting your eyes on his stature you could see that he enjoys his days rowing people across the Grand Canal as he slowly pushed his oar across the water he enriched us with the history of Venice. You could see the pride in his eyes as he described his hometown; I have never see someone enjoying their job the way Giovanni did his. With every question we had about Venice he was happy to answer and give more than what we asked. In the midst of taking pictures with my former Florentine roommates turned friends, I felt compelled to include Giovanni just because of the way he enhanced our experience and gave us a wonderful first impression of the floating city from a different perspective.

I, for one, do not own a car and I generally get around by using Miami’s public transportation so I am well adept with the in’s and out’s of all the routes. Which is why when I arrive in a new city I make it my personal mission to learn the metros, trains, and buses of each location I visit. But when I got to Venezia, I was introduced to a new form of everyday transportation, the vaporetto. In simple terms it was a water bus. With every stop you had a shipmate ready to throw the docking lines to prepare for boarding. I was fascinated by how simplistic it was and how a minimal number of stops could be such a successful means of transportation. It was not only the technicality of the vaporetto but the look of pride that gleamed in the eyes of the workers switching shifts as well as the locals who would pass by on their personal boats and wave at the drivers. Venice is such a small community that even tourists (the good kind of tourists) can feel welcomed by locals as they frequent their establishments during their stay.

Eve Siebert is a second year Honors College student at Florida International University, graduating in Spring 2021. She is majoring in psychology with a focus on behavior analysis, and is interested in working with children with autism and other developmental disorders. She was born in raised in Broward County, Florida and currently lives in Miami. She hopes to explore the cultural roots of Miami through her Miami as Texts written below.

“Multicultural Segregation” by Eve Siebert of FIU at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

Most Miami locals know Vizcaya as an ideal spot to take beautiful photos or host an event. Often, little thought is put into the history or significance of the beautiful museum and gardens. Prior to this visit, I knew almost nothing about the estate and just thought of it as a beautiful Miami landmark- nothing more nothing less. Now I see it as a place of great depth, with conflicting ideals.

Vizcaya was first conceptualized in 1910 by James Deering and Paul Chaflin as a grand mansion inspired by multicultural influences. The art, architecture, and landscaping design draw from French, Greek, Roman, Islamic, Spanish, and Egyptian styles. Vizcaya seamlessly blends these cultures to form one cohesive idea. With its lovely pastel colors, vast gardens, and stunning oceanfront view, it is truly a splendid spot.

Despite it’s overwhelming beauty, though, there are secret dark undertones that lay within the history of the estate. The Deering family clearly came from great wealth- that much is obvious to anyone. Wealth of that magnitude may give way not only to immense beauty, but also immense disparity. This is best exemplified by those who originally built and maintained the lands.

Approximately ten percent of the population of Miami at the time is said to have worked on building the mansion. These people were mostly from Afro-Caribbean cultures, and were mostly lower class. Despite relying on these people to create and maintain Vizcaya, James Deering knew he wanted to also keep them out, so much so that he attempted to build a moat around the grounds. When the moat failed, he filled it with cacti. A clear line was drawn in the sand- the poor were not meant to enjoy the beauty of Vizcaya. Those who were allowed in, as servants and workers, were to be made discreet. Deering even had the servants quarters floored with cork to keep the sound of footsteps to a minimum.

Regardless of its flaws, Vizcaya is a unique personification of Miami culture. In all its beauty, all its multiculturalism, and all its segregation, Vizcaya is both exquisite and imperfect. It is neither all good nor all bad. Like most things in life, it lies in a gray area. It is, however, the perfect introduction to the complexity of Miami culture and history.

“Nothing Gold Can Stay” by Eve Siebert at MOAD

The Freedom Tower is culturally and historically significant to Miami in many ways. It represents Cuban immigration, Operation Peter Pan, and the “American Dream” ideal. Originally constructed as a home for The Miami News, this landmark has always remained an integral part of Miami culture. 

Now owned by Miami Dade College, the Freedom Tower houses the Museum of Art and Design. Our class visited the museum and viewed the “Kislak Center: Culture and Change in the Early Americas [Ongoing]” exhibit. This exhibit houses artifacts from indigenous people all over the Americas, as well as maps and writings from European conquerors. Not surprisingly, these European documents tend to romanticize the role of Columbus and those who followed him in conquering and colonizing the Americas. As in many cases in history, we see the use of religion as a justification for human atrocities.

However, one thing that stuck out to me was the manifestation of what the colonizers sought in America: gold. The indigenous people had no idea of the value the “Old World” had assigned to this substance which they had in abundance. To them it was simply a beautiful material from which they could make jewelry and other artifacts. Little did they know, it would essentially lead to their destruction. I’m reminded of Robert Frost’s well-known poem, “Nothing Gold Can Stay”. In the Americas, this line was literally true. 

The only reason gold has any value behind it is because humans have collectively decided to assign it value. It does not feed us, provide us shelter, or have any practical use. Yet we massacred entire populations over it. The horror and the beauty of this exhibit served as a reminder to me to assess my values. Is money worth people’s lives?

“Natural Beauty” at Deering Estate

Deering Estate is another historical site, similar to Vizcaya. One of the main differences that stuck out to me while reading this walking tour was the focus on nature preservation versus maintenance of more manicured gardens. While Vizcaya is absolutely stunning, and it does have some elements of a natural landscape, it is very clearly designed and maintained by human input. The lands at Deering Estate however, are more free-growing and natural. Deering Estate has nature preserves, fossil sites, and Biscayne Bay estuaries that are beautiful in there own, untouched ways.

In particular, the waterfront features of Deering Estate struck me. I love kayaking, and now I know I have to try kayaking there! Also, the boat basin, with its ocean wildlife, sounds incredible. It’s amazing to me how beautiful nature can be when left to its own devices.

All of this connected back to one focal point for me: the Tequestas. A civilization we know little about, they are our geographical ancestors. Part of me can’t help but wonder- how did they survive in the brutal Miami environment without modern conveniences or more permanent settlements? The Deering Estate gives an idea of that.

The Tequesta Midden gives a peek into the lives of these native people. You can see the tools they made from shells, and imagine what their lives were like. It’s really amazing to be able to feel a connection to a people who were made extinct long before you were even imagined. It’s also heartbreaking to remember why they no longer exist.

“Ugly History of a Beautiful Place” at South Beach

Regrettably, despite living in Miami for the past few years and being from Broward County, I have only visited South Beach a handful of times. While I have always loved the Art Deco, the restaurants, and of course the beach, the traffic and tourists were sometimes a turnoff for me, and I didn’t always make the effort to visit there. I can promise that once COVID-19 passes, I will be visiting far more often.

South Beach is one of the most well known beaches in the world. It is famous for its wide boardwalk, Art Deco style buildings, and beautiful beach. I thoroughly enjoyed learning about the architecture of South Beach, and the historic preservation of its unique style. I had no idea that the Art Deco of South Beach was so unique! I also had never heard of the Betsy Poetry Rail, and that is somewhere that I definitely would love to visit.

However, as usual, when learning about the history of a place, you often learn some dark things. I had no idea about the severity of Jewish discrimination in Miami. It’s easier to forget the ugly history of a beautiful place.

Additionally, I was completely under the impression that Miami Beach was relatively uninhabited prior to development, and that the natural landscape was severe. Reading this, I almost feel guilty for thinking this way. I had no idea the island was home to so many before us. First the Tequestas, then the Seminoles, then a multicultural civilization of blacks and whites. As we often see in history, development can give way to beautiful new things, like the Art Deco and sandy beaches. But at what cost? Who is to say that South Beach today is better than what it was in the past? I’m sure the inhabitants of the past would not.

“Convenient Antiracism” at HistoryMiami

One of the first things that struck me while reading the walking tour of HistoryMiami Museum was how far back Miami’s history really goes. In my 13 years of Florida public schooling we learned about the history of Florida, but it always started around the time of Ponce de Leon. Of course I knew that native civilizations came before the European colonizers, but I always had the impression the South Florida had a relatively limited history. Something about the ever-evolving culture and modern buildings of Miami doesn’t scream “Historic” to me. But after reading this walking tour I feel that I have a better idea of the true history of Miami: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

The next thing that stuck out to me was the lie of multiculturalism; while Miami has always been a multicultural city, it has not always been accepting of all cultures. Far from it, in fact, Miami has a history of discrimination and racism just like any other American city.

The phrase that came to mind for me was “convenient antiracism”. The part of history that best highlighted that for me was in 1896, when black men were allowed to vote to incorporate Miami as a city, and then immediately returned back to their oppression. That’s the thing about discrimination- oppressors have the power to choose when it’s most convenient for them to give others rights.

Miami, like every American city, has its dark moments in history. We cannot glorify the past, but we should not disparage it either. The heartbreaking, ugly, and hidden bits of history are what have culminated and led to what Miami is today. Integrating history with your present views of a place is the best way to understand it for what it really is. I have enjoyed learning about Miami in a way that I have never had the opportunity to do before this class. My perspective has changed greatly, but I am happy to say that despite its flaws I still think Miami is a beautiful, if misunderstood, city, and there is no place I’d rather be.

Alvaro Alvarez is a Junior at the Honors College at Florida International University, majoring in Information Systems Management. He is an avid traveler and reader, music and animal lover, who enjoys spending time with family and friends.

Vizcaya as text

“Hidden by Beauty” by Alvaro Alvarez of FIU at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

Vizcaya is a landmark of South Florida that is covered in beautiful vegetation, unique architecture, and an ocean front view. All over this estate which used to belong to James Deering are touches of culture from various European countries. Although the property is very appealing to the eye the fact that there are so many cultures represented in the mansion makes me feel like to much is going on at once. Why not just represent the Miami culture in this estate? The answer lies in the fact that Miami is a boiling pot of different cultures and ideas that in itself has no single representative.

Just because I believe that to many cultures are mixing into one big picture does not lessen Viscayas value. The architecture inspired by Europe is beautiful in detail and the vegetation and design of the estate makes it the perfect place for pictures which brings so many people to visit. What most people don’t know is James Deering’s attitude towards his workers and how he felt about people coming into his property. A great example of this is moat which surrounds the house. James did not want random or lower class people from entering his property so he devised a moat to falling would be the smartest to deal with these pests.

Moving along, James Deering made sure to make his life as easy and as less bothersome as possible. Making sure his kitchen floor was made of sound aborning material to make sure his servants did not wake him up or make to much noise while he was in the house. Furthermore, installing a dumbwaiter to make sure the food could be brought straight to the second floor while he relaxed in the comfort of the second floor. The Deering household is another example of the way people of a lesser class were treated in the past.

Although Vizcaya is a beautiful property the way the constructors of it were treated wasn’t always.

MOAd as text

“What Is the Truth” by Alvaro Alvarez of FIU at MOAD

Upon entering the MOAD, Museum of Art and Design at MDC, one can tell that isn’t any ordinary museum. This museum, located at the Freedom Tower, is dominated by European elements and culture but that only becomes obvious when you walk further in.

As you are entering the museum section of the Freedom Tower you see a big mural on the wall showing cuban immigrants. This is because during the cold war cubans decided to engage in an exodus across the sea to America and this is one of the reception centers were they were taken care of and set up. This building is another example, as Vizcaya was, of the melting pot named Miami, and was designed to look like the Giralda Cathedral Bell Tower in Seville, Spain.

Once you move forward from the Cuban side of the building you encounter another mural. This shows Juan Ponce de Leon’s discovery of Florida and shows a beautiful union between the Spanish and the Indians which is obviously fictional. You also encounter a poem by Edwin Markham which romantically describes Leon landing in florida looking for the fountain of youth and describes Florida as “his land where all the hours Dance by us treading upon flowers”.

This theme of a magical union between the Indians and the Spanish was dispersed all throughout the museum. As the Spanish wanted to show the Kings and Queens how the Americas were a perfect land without disputes that all should visit. Even going as far to fake stories, and make it seem like they were pals with all the indians. Aside from the farce of the Spanish, there are beautiful and interesting paintings and artifacts set all throughout the museum. It is a great museum for any to visit but not for the unperceptive who will be convinced of a great friendship between two races that did not occur.

Deering as text

“The Diverse Estate” by Alvaro Alvarez of FIU at The Deering Estate

The Deering Estate is a diverse property in Miami comprised of all different types of terrains and buildings that make it whole. This property was the home of Charles Deering in the 1920’s who was a “preservationist, environmentalist, art collector, and philanthropist”. To this day it has been preserved and enhanced to become a place for anybody to come and enjoy. Any person looking for something to do will be enticed by its unique offerings such as wildlife experiences, fascinating flora and fauna, art pieces, a look back in time at fossils that have been found, and seafood festivals with fish caught just in the area.

This property was designed and created during an era of Miami were African-American or Afro-Bahamian people were the majority of the workers constructing the house. The horrible working conditions led to the death of some of these men in an accident were dynamite exploded during construction leaving four dead and five injured. Throughout my voyage of these as texts it has become a theme that the men who bought and planned these properties did not give much value to the construction men and they were often killed or injured in the process of creating them.

Going back further in time the land was inhabited by the Tequesta Indians. I am drawn to the fact that there is such evidence of these Natives who did not even have a written language system. The tools that have been found link us with the past and the job Deering Estate does to keep these artifacts preserved and visible for the public is enchanting. The thought of Tequestas being buried in “Tequesta Burial Mound” interests me and makes me ask what else can be found on these lands that hold so much.

I am thrilled at the prospect of being able to explore these lands once society opens back up. Not only will I be able to see the architecture of the Cottage as well as the stone building but I will be able to explore Chicken Key, and Deering Point. Two locations filled with a beautiful view of the Ocean that has always been my favorite.

South BEACH AS TEXT

“Flashing Lights” by Alvaro Alvarez of FIU at South Beach

South Beach is an iconic piece of Miami, attracting all types of super stars and celebrities around the world to see its beautiful Art Deco district, beaches and nightclubs. This island of Miami dubbed SoBe is connected by a series of bridges and roads to the bottom half of mainland Miami and is very small being only around 2.70 square miles.

Miami Beach as a whole has always been a tropical wonderland in my mind. From the early age of 8 years old I have been staying at the Seacoast 5151 Collins Ave. Condominium for the month of July and South Beach runs deep into this nostalgia that fills me. I have such deep memories with my cousins and family staring out of the car window driving by the Art Deco district and just being fascinated by all the colors that fill the sides of buildings and the uniqueness of the architecture that was so new and perfectly fitting of this area. As I got older and had a better sense of direction and attention I remember walking down the boardwalk looking at all the hotels, restaurants, and buildings that filled the area and taking trips down to Nikki Beach for a day of playing soccer on the beach and getting burnt because of to little sunscreen.

After learning the history of Miami Beach I am taken aside by the fact that whites and blacks lived together before the construction of Miami Beach as a city. I’m sad to say I was part of the ignorant few that did not know that Miami beach wasn’t a wasteland before the mangroves were removed and the vision of Carl Fisher was realized.

History miami as text

“Boiling Pot” by Alvaro Alvarez of FIU at HistoryMiami Museum

HistoryMiami Museum holds a collection of artifacts, art, and history which highlights Miami’s liveliest moments and does not shy away from its cruelest. Being the largest museum in Florida it contains over “37,000 artifacts” contained inside its walls and a vast amount of knowledge on our peninsulas history. Starting with “Miami, The Magic City” photos depicting the history of miami are laid out upon the walls showing our history and how we have developed. This continues into various segments of the museum that continue to show the life and culture of Florida and Miami.

One of the shocking sites in the museum has to be the sign situated inside of the bus. Containing the words “WHITE PASSENGERS SEAT FROM FRONT” depicts just how people of color were treated and cruel people can be. But this is only before you see the “balseros” or boats that cubans used to get from Cuba to Florida. These boats being barely and looking like they could come apart at any moment show just how desperate people were to leave Cuba and Fidel Castro’s reign. This just further mixed the culmination of people that make up the United States and truly was another step forward in diversification.

Alongside Deering, HistoryMiami also holds important artifacts pertaining to the Tequesta Indians. The group that spread out through the land for so long before European invaders was completely wiped away by the 1500’s. Not only were they completely wiped out but there burial mounds and land was not treated with any respect and completely ruined.

Ana Ruas is a sophomore at Florida International University and its Honors College, currently majoring in both Biological Sciences and English and minoring in Chemistry. Her interests are a dichotomy of sorts, where on one hand she is interested about ovarian cancer research and the advancement of genetic editing via CRISPR, but Ana is also passionate about literature and traveling. Ana will be graduating in Spring 2022 and is currently enrolled in the Italy Study Abroad course with Professor JW Bailly; below are her Italia as Texts.

Vizcaya as Text

“Vizcaya: Unexpected in Miami” by Ana Ruas of FIU at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

Vizcaya is a place that outsiders would say does not make sense in Miami, or at least is not expected. Think about it, the Magic City is the place for club parties and days tanning on the beach along the Atlantic. Vizcaya, with its Greek and Roman-inspired art, Mediterranean-style architecture and peaceful gardens, should clash with the modern and hip Caribbean theme of the city. But upon walking into the villa and seeing the sculpture that greets whomever comes inside, that is as Miami as it gets in one piece of art. Bacchus (or Dionysus) is a god that loves deeply, but not for another person. He is the embodiment of the pleasures of the flesh, taking joy in food, drink, and the company of those around him; most people come to Miami for those very reasons. But even though Bacchus is associated with this debauchery, I feel he represents a vibrance and personality that extends past physical content and goes into something more spiritual: a joy of being oneself. It reminds me of immigrants who flee their countries to avoid persecution, to just be themselves. Many Cubans did just that, coming to Miami since the late 1950s to avoid Castro’s regime, and with them they brought a lively and vibrant culture that is as intertwined with Miami’s identity as its beaches and club scene are. Miami may not be known for having stood a thousand years in history, but it is definitely known for its bright and energetic culture, and both Bacchus and Vizcaya are perfect examples of just that.

MOAD as Text

“Gesù Church: Beauty and Catholicism” by Ana Ruas of FIU at the Museum of Art and Design

Stepping into the Gesù Church truly felt like going back in time. Looking at the gilded alter and columns throughout the front and the detailed, lifelike quality of the structures, I felt I had stepped into a church reminiscent of the Baroque style in Europe. Intricacies of the stained-glass windows augmented this effect, making it feel as if I were walking through Jesus’ life in real time, as if I had been present throughout all these important events in Catholicism. I can imagine that the beauty and tranquil nature of the Gesù Church is what attracts its congregation members to frequent this space, and I will admit that I felt at peace and calm during my time in the church, which is something I have not felt in such a place of worship for many years.

Despite its splendor, what most impacted me about the Gesù Church was its history with the city of Miami, specifically how it followed its development since the arrival of Europeans in the late 1500s. As Miami grew into the international hotspot it is today, the Gesù Church has served at the forefront of promoting Catholic teachings and beliefs in the community, given that it was the city’s first Roman Catholic church. Not only has the Gesù held Mass for parishioners for centuries, but it has also played a role in converting local Tequesta Indians to Catholicism during Spain’s occupation of the region. I have passed by the Gesù many times throughout my life and I never would have thought that a seemingly quiet church would have such a rich history. I thought I had known nearly every facet of Miami, though learning about the Gesù Church, its relationship with both the city’s growth and history, has showed me that Miami is always going to have an ace up its sleeve, presenting to me some new feature I had never known before.

Deering Estate as Text

“Escaping Miami: A Fresh Breath of Air” by Ana Ruas of FIU at the Deering Estate

Late January of 2020, before the start of the COVID-19 global pandemic, I had the chance to visit the Deering Estate to hear Richard Blanco read a selection of his poems to an audience. Up until that point I had never been to a poetry reading before, nor had I ever been to the Estate, so I was unsure of what to expect from either.

Upon arrival, tall stone columns and wide wooden gates welcomed me to the historic property, with billowing trees lining my path to the buildings and ocean beyond. The Mediterranean Revival architecture of the mansion was grand and elegant, and several artists were painting and sketching the beautiful buildings or the flora and fauna around them. Such beauty and peace was costly in a moral sense; like most of Miami, the Deering Estate has a dark past of having subjected African-American and Afro-Bahamian labor to poor working conditions during the construction of the property in the 1920s. Though nothing can rectify those wrongs, at least the Estate continues the philanthropic work that Charles Deering started in supporting artists, though now extends those resources to encourage diversity and freedom of expression in the artistic world for both the Miami community and the world to experience and enjoy, like the sponsored Richard Blanco poetry reading.

Despite the beauty of the Stone House and the surrounding wildlife, the view of the bay from Boat Basin was truly the star of the show. Strong winds swept in from over the water, bringing in the tang of the salt from the far-off ocean in the air. Manatees and other marine life can sometimes be seen in the Basin, though I personally did not see any on that winter day. Everything around me had a calming effect, from the gently lapping water to swaying palm trees. All thoughts cleared from my mind and I was able to fully appreciate being in the moment, fully enjoying the natural scene surrounding me. Experiencing that is rare in the Miami, for this city is chaotic and never stops moving, not really allowing a moment to stand still and just breathe. Being at Boat Basin, and ultimately at the Deering Estate, showed me that there are small spaces carved into Miami’s landscape where you can get away from the city and noise for a little while, providing just enough room to have a fresh breath of air.

South Beach as Text

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“South Beach: Behind the Building Facades” by Ana Ruas of FIU at South Beach

South Beach is the universal image of the city individuals think of when they hear “Miami.” One waiter in Paris told me, “Wow the beaches, they must be everywhere!” when I told him that I was from Miami, and even though he was right, this comment did reveal to me that Miami is almost exclusively synonymous to “beaches” around the world. If only they could see what else Miami, and specifically South Beach, has to offer, then the world would know that there is so much more to this unique city.

Here you can find the largest collection of Art Deco style buildings in the world, with the neighborhood being a designated National Historic District since the 20^th century to preserve this unique architecture. Many hotels and buildings along Ocean Drive were built in the Art Deco style, having made the street one of the most famous and photographed in the world. Nowhere else can you find the futuristic looking details on the buildings, as well as the pastel colors that, when night falls, turn into bright neon that are reflective of the city’s vibrant nightlife.

South Beach has also had a deep-rooted history with the Jewish community, something even some native Miamians do not know much about. From the beginning, during the development of the neighborhood by Carl Fischer and Henry Flagler in the 1900s, Jews were frequently discriminated against. Many hotel and restaurant owners barred these individuals from their businesses, and some even utilized their prejudice to attract other potential clients, advertising statements such as “Always a View, Never a Jew” and “Gentiles Only.” The South Beach Jewish community withstood this treatment for many decades, and despite these transgressions, they have flourished and become a prominent force in the South Florida community; the Jewish Museum of Florida – FIU chronicles this history and aims to educate the general public on these past events through their multitude of exhibits.

Having learned all this, South Beach and the picturesque view from Ocean Drive may be the Miami the world sees, though there is more to the city than just bright colors and pretty oceans; there is a rich, and unfortunately turbulent, history behind these building facades.

History Miami as Text

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“A Not-So-Detached History” by Ana Ruas of FIU at the HistoryMiami Museum

Miami sometimes feels more part of the Caribbean than of the United States. With the close proximity to these islands and their large influence on the city’s culture due to increased immigration since the latter part of the 20^th century, Miami at times feels detached from the U.S. and its history. Despite this feeling, HistoryMiami does what any good museum sets out to do: it reminds its community of its history, no matter how disturbing.

Since even before the development of Miami, grave racial injustices were being committed against multiple groups, the first being the Tequesta Indians. Though historical records on these Native Americans are seriously lacking, it is likely that the Tequesta were subjected to relocation from their native lands to other parts of South Florida due to the colonization of the region by Spanish conquistadores. The Seminole Indians that migrated from Georgia and Alabama to the Miami area in the 1800s suffered a similar fate, though the white pioneers inhabiting the area befriended these Native Americans only to glean knowledge from them on how to survive off of the land. After that, they were forced to relocate once more due to the Indian Removal Act, which aimed to make ample room from the influx of white settlers to soon migrate from the North (“Second Seminole War”).

Injustices continue in this city, as shown via the HistoryMiami Museum Virtual Walking Tour, where images of the 1920s Buena Vista trolley are displayed with its original sign: “State Law: White Passengers Seat from Front;” it was disturbing to see how prevalent racial segregation was in Miami and so close to modern times, since these events took place less than a hundred years ago. Though what was the most impactful for me personally was seeing the photograph of the twelve African-American men credited with being “the black pioneers of Miami” destroying a Tequesta burial mound. Not only were these men only allowed to vote for the incorporation of Miami due to the economic benefits it would provide the business / construction tycoons making millions from the city development, these African-Americans were then forced to return to dismal working conditions and further forced to play an active role in destroying the little remaining history of the native Tequesta that previously inhabited Miami. Whites coercing one minority to destroy another; rather than poetic justice, this was poetic cruelty.

Miami’s history has a dark underbelly that many wish to ignore, though the HistoryMiami Museum did an excellent job of showcasing these commonly hidden stories and perspectives, showing that our community’s past is not so different from that of the country’s. HistoryMiami also provides hope to museum visitors that continued change can take place if the community is well informed and active in making these changes take place; all of that starts with opening up a dialogue, and HistoryMiami did just that.

Works Cited

“Second Seminole War.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Apr. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Seminole_War.

SPAIN: IDA Y VUELTA

OVERVIEW

Dance is one of the purest forms of art and expression, not only does it tell a story by the way the performers interact with each other, but it also displays the mixture of cultures that contribute to the music and movements that make each dance unique. Most people when referring to Spanish dance tend to name Flamenco as the dance of Spain however, Spain’s dance culture is influenced by different aspects depending on the regions. These different dances have traveled through Spain, Europe and to the Americas giving birth to different dance styles or modified versions of the Spanish dances.

TRADITIONAL DANCES

The traditional dances were folk dance that were different and unique to different regions of Spain. These dances led to the more famous and modern dances that now define Spaniard music and dance.

1. Sardana:
   • This is was a dance that was very popular the Catalan region of Spain and it is considered to be a part of the identity of Catalonia. It is a dance that is played by a ‘cobla’, the live band that plays the music. Men and woman dance it equally as they move in a circle slowly taking small steps back and forth to the rhythm of flute and drum like instruments. It is still very important to Spanish culture and the are about 200 bands that play this style of music in Catalonia.
2. Muiñeira:
   • This dance is regional to the areas near the stretch of Galicia and this dance demonstrates the derivation from Celtic culture that is more common in the northern part of Spain near the Iberian Peninsula. The use of Bagpipes (gaita) and traditional outfits show the resemblance to Irish culture. It is danced at a moderate fast pace that is common to the dances of Spain in it could be done in circles and rows of dancers.
3. Sevillanas:
   • The dance of the south originating in the region of Sevilla. It was derived from Seguidillas a type of fast paced folk dance for couples. The lyrics are the most important part of this music and they sing about common life themes. The dance was later influenced by Flamenco and vice versa making them very similar and easy mistaken by those that do not know.
4. Bolero:
   • The original bolero originated in Spain as a ballroom dance. It was the influence of the Flamenco style dance that follows the name of boleras because of the music style and use of ‘castanuelas’, but it was actually made by combining the folk dance of sevillana with a contradanza. Although there is a dance originated from Cuba with the same name, it does not relate to the Spanish bolero until recent times where the Spanish have incorporated the more modern Cuban Bolero into Spanish Bolero for a different twist on the Dance.
5. Fandango:
   • It is a very common and popular couples dance that originated in Andalucía. The dance is intended to show a story between a couple, and it is revealed in the movement of taunting that each dancer shows the other. Could be seen as a fight or represent a war between two people. It is very similar to Bolero, and Flamenco because the music, instruments used (castanuelas).
6. Jota:
   • Jota represented by the sound of the letter ‘J’ is a dance from the northern parts of Spain, Aragon. However, this dance is one of the only ones that is spread throughout Spain being represented differently in each region expressing the different aspects of cultures that each Spanish region have. It is composed of a fast-passed dance and even includes jumps.
7. Flamenco:
   • Flamenco is the dance that is known to represent Spain. Nonetheless, it was introduced and developed in the south of Spain (Andalucía), and could even be considered insulting to ask someone from the North if they dance Flamenco. It is composed of different dances and rhythms from Arabic and Jewish decent and classical Spanish music. Today it is one of the most popular Spanish dances because of its music, use of guitars and, remixes they have done to the music to make it seem more modern.
8. Paso Doble:
   • Paso Doble is an interesting form of expressing Spanish culture because it is meant to model the act of bullfighting, a common entertainment and cultural identity of Spain. It is a fast-passed couples dance where the man represents ‘el matador’ and the woman is the swift flowing cape. It was originated as a French military march that is still referred to during festivals. Paso doble is one of the various dances that was later incorporated in Latin American dances.
9. Zarzuela:
   • This atypical dance is more of a theoretical musical style where the music changes between spoken and sung scenes. It was originated in Madrid in the Zarzuela Theatre. This was another of the dance entertainments that incorporated its self in the New World and the different countries adapted it to their own mixtures of cultures.

Relation to the new world

Most dance-based cultures in Latin America where not fully and solely influenced by Spanish dances because most Hispanic dances are mostly alterations of African dances. However, that minor alteration that changes the African dance is the input of Spanish dance that was brought from Europe.

1. 
   Religion in colonization dance: Before Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, the indigenous groups had their own ritualistic dances and ceremonies, after the natives, the slaves brought from Africa brought their own experiences and interpretation of religious dancing. During the conversion period Catholics priests decided to allow the slaves and natives to dance and have ceremonies if they modified them to refer to the Catholicism. Slaves found a way around conversion by lying and giving African names to Catholic Saints they would praise their African gods but to the Spaniards view they were praising Spanish saints. This not only birthed a new religion (Santeria) practiced mostly in the Caribbean Islands but also to various new dance forms that had mixtures of Religious Spanish dances and African dances.
2. Guaganco:
   • It is a topical dance of the Caribbean that originated from African culture. It derived from the Cuban Rumba a typical dance that originated in the northern parts of Cuba mostly in the capital La Havana. It is meant to represent a man trying to seduce a woman and the woman tantalizing him by leading how she reacts to his advances.

1. Same name diferente steps:

• As the formal dances above mentioned moved to the Americas, they changed not only because of the difference in liberty of the American people but also because of their physical consistency. In dances like the Seguidilla and Fandango, in the Americas they were changed to be about more feet movement called el Zapateo because the regid torso position helped to have a faster foot movement. This dance became very popular and still is in places like Mexico, and Colombia. The dance of Jota stayed pretty similar however, without the castanuellas , the hops and fast paced danced turned into dances like ‘Tiranas of Argentina and ‘Jaranas’ in Mexico.

1. Zamacueca:
   • This dance was very important because it became the symbol of independence from the Spanish colonies. It was known as the mestizo dance. It originated from the general dance of
     sonecitos del pais which was the dance that most of Latin America transformed from the popular Spanish dances of la Jota and Seguidilla. In Argentina it became known as la Zamba and in Mexico La Chilena, with time the different countries changed the mane and some movements.
2. Son:
   • Los sonecitos del pais developed with time into different more sensual dances known as Sones and Jarabes. From this musical mix derived El Son. It was very popular in the Caribbean although there is a Mexican Son. the Caribbean one originated in Cuba. this dancee gave a stop to the other dances that were fast leg movement a led to a more Afro- hip movement.
3. Danzon:
   • This dance was the mixture of independence and elegance. it sported the movements and etiquette of the Waltz and the Polka but with a more sensual modern twist that the couples got to dance closer and touch each other more, so close they need to dance on a single tile.
4. Jarabe Tapatio:
   • This famous Mexican dance was a Jarabe that derived from the Spanish dances and it encompass most of Mexican tradition. It originated in Jalisco and it is the music that accompanies the famous Mariachi bands.
5. Punta:
   • Punta is a reference to the mixture of “Mayan dances and the religious dramas of Moors and Christians”. It is the typical dance of the countries on the Atlantic coast (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua ect.) It is a celebration to the dead and it is danced by moving the hips and lower parts of the body.

Before doing this research, I believed that most Hispanic dances were a mix African, Native, and Spanish dances, this research showed me what dances truly contributed to what specific dances. It showed me that no dance is truly pure, and it actually is an art form that represents a mixture of cultures and people.

CITATION

“Spanish Dance and Music: Overview.” Spanish Art, Spanish Art, 2011, http://www.spanish-art.org/spanish-dance.html.

Jessop, Tara. “10 Traditional Spanish Dances You Should Know About.” Culture Trip, Tara Jasop, 22 May 2017, theculturetrip.com/europe/spain/articles/10-traditional-spanish-dances-you-should-know-about/.

Wall, Amy Lynn, “Dance as a cultural element in Spain and Spanish America” (1992). Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006). 151. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pst/151

Angie Santalo is a Sophomore studying Organizational Communications at Florida International University. In her spare time, she enjoys making videos, singing and acting, and engaging in community service. In 2014, she formed her own non-profit, Art For Others, in which she conducts art workshops to underprivileged children in the city of Miami. She dedicates a majority of her time to this, and she hopes to continue making an impact in her community.

Vizcaya as Text

My Backyard by Angie Santalo of FIU at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

I have been coming to Vizcaya for as long as I can remember. My father is an artist and my mother is a teacher. My childhood consisted of visiting many spectacular places and learning as much about them as possible. Every chance they had, they took advantage of it. Vizcaya seemed to be my backyard. I have loved it for so long.

This recent visit was different. This visit was all mine. It was my discovery. I am no longer a child and it was as if I was seeing everything with new eyes. It was a new appreciation for the beauty of its gardens, the grandeur of the house, the greatness of the ocean in its backyard. As I took a long breath in, I smiled a little wider knowing that it was a little bit mine because Miami is mine.

As I looked around, so much seemed new even though I had seen it before. I took a special glance at the tapestry that hung in the living room. The Hercules Tapestry which was most likely created in Brussels around 1540-1550 caught my attention. Hercules is always represented as strong. I though about how this was woven so long ago to represent Hercules’ 12 Labors and his strength in overcoming obstacles. This tapestry hangs diagonal to the Admiral Carpet Tapestry which was made in Spain and has Christian and Muslim symbols on it.

It made me think about my backyard, my Miami, and how we have so many different cultures woven in to our lives. It made me think of how we can still create something beautiful just like this tapestry.

MOAD as Text

“Cielito Lindo” by Angie Santalo of FIU at The Freedom Tower

It was my grandparent’s Ellis Island. I had always heard so much about the Freedom Tower or “Cielito Lindo,” as my grandparents called it. All four of my grandparents are Cuban exiles and the Freedom Tower was their invitation to a new life, a new country, and new opportunities.

This visit to the Freedom Tower was extremely significant for me. When I was a child, my father created a portrait of the Freedom Tower, and for many years, I had seen the painting up on the walls of my house. Unbelievably, I had never actually seen the building in person. As I visited the actual building for the first time, I understood all those pictures and the stories that went through those walls. I imagined my own story, and how different my life would be had my grandparents not come to Miami to begin a new life.

My father’s portrait tells the story of so many families like my own. The portrait is a collage comprised of pictures of Cuban exiles and their families. When you step back, all the pictures form the image of the “Cielito Lindo.” The closer you are to the image, the more you can see the individual story each image emotes. My grandparents came when they were 12 and 13 years old with absolutely nothing. They left their very affluent and comfortable life all for freedom. They built their lives and worked to achieve a promising future for themselves and their families.

As I stood in front of the Freedom Tower, I truly understood that this place marked their brand new chapter in America. I understood how special it really must be for them and many others. I understood their gratitude to a welcoming country that marked the beginning of their story of triumph.

Deering Estate

Preserving Miami’s History by Angie Santalo of FIU at The Deering Estate

The Deering Estate is a large environmental preserve that highlights the history and heritage of Miami-Dade. It is a hidden gem in Miami that is definitely worth visiting. I visited the Estate when I was about 7 years old, but I don’t really remember much about it other than the boat basin and the magnificent greenery.

The Estate contains all sorts of stories and documents the history of the beginnings of Miami. The Deering Estate is grand, and full of luxury. It was the home of Charles Deering. As you explore the property, it is almost magical. The Stone House’s grandeur immediately captivates you. The more you explore, the more you realize the historical significance of the landmark. It is almost as if you were traveling to the 1920s.

Exploring the estate virtually was a completely different experience than when I visited when I was 7 years old. I understood the history and significance much more this time. Seeing it as an adult, gave me greater insight into the house and its environment. The Cutler Fossil site really stood out to me as I read about it. Archeological evidence on the property indicates that humans inhabited the area 10,000 years prior to when the estate was built. I also understood that Charles Deering must have been an environmentalist to take such care in the beautiful surroundings and make sure that they were preserved. I have learned a great deal and realize that I must visit it again in person very soon. I have a new appreciation for so many areas of Miami.

Growing up, my parents made sure to take me to learn to appreciate all that is beautiful in our city and made me visit sites such as, Vizcaya and The Deering Estate. However, it was not until I took this class that I completely understood their history and significance. The Deering Estate is one place that I know I need to rediscover again.

South Beach

South Beach: The Most Glamorous Barrier Island by Angie Santalo of FIU at South Beach

Whenever I tell people I am from Miami, they automatically assume I live in South Beach. My whole life, I have lived in the Sunset area of Miami, but my family made it a point to take frequent visits to South Beach to explore the wonderful area. As a child, I never really realized all that South Beach had to offer. The more I visited as a teenager, the more I appreciated and took in my surroundings. It is very easy as a child, to visit a place and not look beneath the surface. We see something pretty, and we just merely admire it. We are too naive to understand and appreciate the beauty and history of something. However, as I grew up and took multiple visits to South Beach, I uncovered a beautiful layer that I would not have discovered had I not stopped to “smell the roses.”

South Beach is a very popular destination in Miami. I believe it beautifully captures the blend of cultures in Miami through the art-deco style of design that adorns the many buildings and streets, and through the variety of art and unique cuisine in the area. South Beach is an open invitation for people to come and explore.

After exploring South Beach virtually, I got to experience it on a whole new level. Even though I have visited many times, I was finally able to stop and “smell the roses” and uncover South Beach on my own. It has a compelling history, and people have inhabited the land that is South Beach for centuries. 

South Beach is one of the biggest tourist attractions in the state, it is a little difficult to imagine it as a mangrove barrier island. Knowing this history, gave me a greater understanding and appreciation of the price the environment had to pay at the expense of urban development.  

South Beach continues to be a unique place to visit, and I have a greater understanding of its historical significance and worth. It is not just a pretty, glamorous place, but a fragile environment that still needs to be protected.

HistoryMiami Museum

“Gateway to the Americas” by Angie Santalo of FIU at HistoryMiami Museum

The HistoryMiami Museum captures the overall influence in factors that helped shape Miami to what it is today. It tells the stories of Miami’s community, culture, and events that have occurred throughout history. Throughout the museum, there are multiple exhibits such as: the “New People/New Technologies” exhibit, which demonstrates the effects of the Industrial Revolution on Miami, as well as “The Creek Migration” exhibit which captures the story of the Creek tribes and their journey south. 

Reading about the exhibit, “Gateway to the Americas,” really caught my attention. Being that my grandparents are Cuban exiles, I really connected to this portion of the museum. Knowing that many Cubans came to this country in search of a better future with absolutely nothing makes one appreciate everything they have that much more. I think about the situation now, especially with the Coronavirus outbreak, and the fact that we are living in a global pandemic. It is surreal to think that what is happening is real, but when I put it in perspective, I am incredibly lucky to be safe and healthy. Back then, these Cubans coming to America didn’t have the security that I have now. They came in “makeshift boats” and hoped to make it to the United States. Some did not survive. 

I remember years ago when I visited this museum for the “Pedro Pan” exhibit with my grandparents who were both Pedro Pan children. I remember how powerful the images were, and how they were very affected. It was as if I was going through it with them. 

Reading about the museum and the current exhibits that I have yet to see, makes me want to visit even more. There is still so much I have yet to see and learn.

Kathleen Gomez is a senior at Florida International University studying English Literature. She is in the Honors College and is currently working as a substitute teacher. One day she hopes to have a career which combines her love of literature and baking. In July of 2020, she will be studying abroad in France, learning more about history, the world, and pastries.

Vizcaya as Text

“The Decadence of a Fence” by Kathleen Gomez of FIU at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

From the painting of the Virgin Mary slashed in half simply to be displayed over an organ to the fake books lining the walls to the installation of a dumbwaiter so as not to see any workers, Vizcaya is a true testament to the absolute decadence that wealth can afford. Nothing less could be expected as the first thing you see when you walk into the house is a statue of Dionysus, Greek god of wine, pleasure, and overall debauchery. From the garish Rococo decor in certain rooms to the expanse of elegant gardens with a view of the water, there is no shortage of beauty to look at when visiting Vizcaya. However, when you look up who constructed Vizcaya, you undoubtedly get the name James Deering, and of course, while he owned, paid for, and designed the house, records seem to forget he did not take up the hammer alone; there is nothing of the tenth of Miami’s population or the many Bahamian builders who were enlisted to complete the project. We can appreciate and indulge in the luxurious lifestyle of Deering by visiting his house and living vicariously through retellings of the history all we want but we shouldn’t forget those who helped build it and who lived there to help keep it running because, in the end, it was just as much their house as Deering’s. 

Just because Deering had a secret garden where those of the upper class could sneak away for affairs with those of lower social standing doesn’t mean that we should keep the people who helped build this lavish house a secret of history. Upon first walking up to the house and seeing the moat, the words of David Walker, an American abolitionist, came to mind: “The greatest riches in all America have arisen from our blood and tears: and will they drive us from our property and homes, which we have earned with our blood?” When you think back to the moat that was added to keep people off the property and the concealed passages for workers to slip by unnoticed by higher society, you truly see the divide that comes about with excess. As we saw in episode 6 of Versailles, Louis XIV was unsympathetic towards, or at least unaware of, the needs of his workers, showing how money can create a barrier between people and that sometimes that barrier is a moat.  So what makes something belong to someone? Is it the one who pays for it with money or the one who pays for it with work?

MOAD as Text

“A language of Liberty: A Freedom Tower Abecedarian” by Kathleen Gomez of FIU at the Freedom Tower

All our histories are reflected back at us

behind glass cases, plastered on walls.

Cartographers documented our paths across a nation

detailing our journey from HOME to home.

Every face staring back at me has a story

from the ones in a frame to the ones talking to me as we walk up the stairs.

Gomez, Rodolfo. I hear the name echoing in the walls of this tower.

Here, in the heart of Miami, stands a monument to freedom. 

Inspired by the Giralda, the grand bell tower in Spain,

jutting out along the Miami skyline,

knelling the freedom that so many seek in the US. 

Lingering outside, I can’t help but smile at

“My statue of liberty.” Did he have this same feeling?

No one knows our story, and yet everyone does. 

Oceans away, we found the idea for universal human rights.

Perhaps I’m only an American. Maybe I don’t know Spanish and I can’t

quite say Pedro Pan or Ministerio del Interior with ease but

really, when I walk up to the glass cases in this tower I see my history, I

see my grandpa’s eyes smiling in mine, his nose wrinkling with laughter.

Taking a look out the window, I see the city that greeted him.

Understand that without the notion of universal human rights, the

very European ideology of crossing an ocean, of fighting for equality, I

wouldn’t be here today, looking at a city made up of dreams. Leave your

xenophobia at the door on your way into our city and

yell from this monument of freedom, shout from this statue of liberty with

zeal that La Libertad para todos está aquí.

Deering Estate as Text

“Where Art and Nature Converge” by Kathleen Gomez of FIU

“Out of the rolling ocean the crowd came a drop gently to me,”

a drop that has traveled from far and wide,

across the earth, foaming and chasing

by the tide. 

I’ve been cleansed by the Basin,

by the drops that have seen more world than I.

Epics are told in the lap of water on the shore,

and what can I do but listen?

Art is born from inspiration,

from the stories we hear dancing in the trees,

words waltzing in on a wind blown in from miles away,

from splashes in the brackish sky

and clouds in the clear sea.

These two fingers feel the pulse of the ocean,

nothing can mar el mar.

Art resides in nature,

the currents are sculptors,

shaping and carving new worlds.

The sun, smiling on the Point, 

a painter, splattering colors on canvas each night.

The crunch of the leaves underfoot, musicians,

singing a dirge for those who became earth. 

The plants out back, dancers

swaying and twisting their limbs, 

moving in patterns rare to the land.

And me? I can only hope a poet,

sitting on the edge of departure,

crafting ekphrastic phrases

that may go to someone

as the drop came to me.

The words bob in my head as though a bottle on the sea

and anchored by a house of stone,

they shatter on the shore. 

Nature is a masterpiece,

the estate its museum

and all of us now and again patrons,

in residency or not,

interpreting the beauty of the earth

and making it our own

“Every day at sundown for your dear sake, my love.”

-After Walt Whitman

History Miami as Text

“Are Words Enough?” by Kathleen Gomez of FIU

Can mere words do history justice?

What does a little placard hung up in a little room matter

when no one even knows the museum exists?

A footnote is not a sufficient place for stories.

For histories.

And do you want to know how I know that?

Because today you hear “the Chinese virus” dripping from TVs,

see people scorched with dirty looks and branded with disgust. 

A museum off of Flagler Street doesn’t matter in the end

if textbooks aren’t stained with our mistakes.

No, not just mistakes.

Atrocities. 

We have blood on our hands and a little memorial in a dark room won’t cut it anymore.

It’s time for schools to have classes dedicated to the people we’ve put out of house and home.

Words are just the start.

Words mean nothing if they’re spoken for no one to hear,

Written for no one to read. 

Words need to be acted upon,

Spoken over and over for people to memorize.

To know.

To commit to their hearts and change their ways.

We may be the “Magic City”

But shoving our past all onto the second floor causes us to lose our charm. 

Do not take this the wrong way, 

We should all visit the history of Miami at the HistoryMiami museum

And learn about the true Floridians,

The ones that lived here before the colonial experience

The ones that built the city we live in today.

But an afternoon spent strolling through exhibits shouldn’t be our stopping point.

Words can do history justice as long as we don’t tuck them away or whisper them.

Words can do history justice as long as we don’t stop speaking them.

Miami Beach as Text

“A Golden Shovel Lying on the Shore of South Beach” by Kathleen Gomez of FIU

I cannot wait for that exultation

that will wash over me as I finally stand on the shore. Is

that day so far away? How much longer till I can walk along the

words that make up my city, going

from “Some Days at Sea” to the feeling of 

one day on the beach? I long for the glow I’ll feel on Ocean Drive when an 

icon studded in neon reminds me I’m no longer stuck inland.

I’m finally back on the beach, babe. I feel my soul

walk two paces behind me, taking in the sights, the smells, the city. I can’t wait to 

peek out that porthole window in my pastel portmanteau-esque sea-

side motel and see Miami fill the streets of Miami again. Then I’ll walk past 

the mangroves’ epitaph written in the foam that tickles my toes and know the 

worst thing in the world is not to be confined to our houses.

I cannot wait to get lost on the beach and think about all that can’t be lost to the past.

I cannot wait to watch the Miami sun get caught in the stained glass of the 

Jewish Museum and watch it shed light on stories too true not to tell. Caught in our headlands,

we cannot forget what we have done. Caught up in the moment we must plunge into

the present and make amends for the past. Watch me fall deep

into the now of Miami that holds a past and a future of eternity.

–After Emily Dickinson